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General Medicine
Vitamin K is a crucial cofactor in the carboxylation of glutamate residues in the synthesis of prothrombin (factor II), which is essential for its activity. Vitamin K deficiency can lead to decreased levels of factor II, resulting in a bleeding te
Physiology
The C-peptide is removed during the conversion of proinsulin to insulin and does not have a known biological function. Its primary purpose is to hold the A and B chains of proinsulin together during synthesis.
Physiology
Calcium is absorbed mainly in the duodenum and jejunum by an active transport mechanism regulated by 1,25 (OH)2 D3 (calcitriol). It is transported across the brush border of intestinal epithelial cells via TRPV6 channels and binds to calbindin. The a