Synopsis

Must Remember Points:

• HBSS maintains PDL cell viability for 24 hours
• Milk is the most practical storage medium
• Water causes osmotic lysis of PDL cells
• Primary teeth are NOT replanted
• Flexible splinting for 1-2 weeks only
• Pulp necrosis occurs in 85-96% of cases

Mnemonics:

• Storage media (Best to Worst): "Very Happy Medical Students Study Well" (Viaspan, HBSS, Milk, Saliva, Saline, Water)
• Avulsion management: "Time, Temperature, Transport, Treatment" (4 T's)

🔻 Anemia Types

🔸 Microcytic

🔸 Macrocytic

• Pernicious anemia: ↓ intrinsic factor
• MCH ↑, MCHC normal
• Hypokalemia during treatment
• Causes: Dietary folate deficiency, celiac disease
• Thiamine deficiency → Lactic acidosis

🔸 Sideroblastic

• Causes: Hypothyroidism, INH therapy
• Treatment: Pyridoxine
• Genetic variant: Pearson syndrome

Silk

• Composition: Natural protein fiber
• Structure: Braided
• Advantages: Excellent handling, superior knot security, cost-effective
• Disadvantages: Inflammatory response, bacterial adherence, gradual weakening
• Clinical uses: Oral surgery, temporary sutures requiring easy removal

Nylon (Polyamide)

• Structure: Monofilament or braided
• Advantages: High tensile strength, minimal tissue reaction
• Disadvantages: Difficult handling, poor knot security
• Clinical uses: Skin closure, situations requiring high strength

Polypropylene (Prolene)

• Structure: Monofilament
• Advantages: Chemically inert, minimal tissue reaction, maintains strength
• Disadvantages: Difficult handling, tendency to cut through tissues
• Clinical uses: Vascular surgery, situations requiring permanent support

High-Yield Numbers

• FBS ≥126 mg/dL (DM diagnosis)
• HbA1C >6.5% (DM diagnosis)
• IGT: 140-199 mg/dL (2-hr GTT)
• Sleep apnea: ≥10 seconds
• Cortisol <3 mg/dL (Addison's)
• ACTH >200 pg/mL (Addison's)
• Nebulizer droplets <2.5 μm

Remember the "Onlys"

• Telmisartan: Only ARB with PPAR-γ activity
• Microalbuminuria: Most reliable diabetic nephropathy marker
• TB: Most common cause of adrenal insufficiency in India
• Melanoma: Most common primary tumor → adrenal mets

Classic Associations

• Type 1 DM: HLA-DR3/DR4, Anti-GAD antibodies
• Aspirin asthma: Nasal polyps
• Emphysema: Weight loss, pneumothorax, ↓DLCO
• Chronic bronchitis: Polycythemia, Reid's index

• Torque testing:
  • Successful osseointegration: 10 – 20 N/cm force without unscrewing.
  • Clinical signs: Percussion, immobility, no movement with 5 lb lateral force.
  • Failure: Horizontal mobility >1 mm or movement <500 g force.
• Radiographic sign of implant failure: Loss of crestal bone.
• MRI/CT with titanium implants: Safe; CT can subtract titanium to eliminate scatter.