Ketoconazole synthetic antifungal drug used for infections such as  athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (yeast infection or thrush), jock itch. Ketoconazole is used to treat eumycetoma, the fungal form of mycetoma. MOA: Ketoconazole is imidazole structured, and interferes with the fungal synthesis of  ergosterol, the main constituent of cell membranes, as...

Metabolism Hepatic Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes:  most drug metabolism in the liverperformed by the hepatic microsomal enzyme system. Therapeutic Consequences of Drug Metabolism - Accelerated Renal Drug Excretion:  The most important consequence of drug metabolism is the promotion of renal drug excretion.  Metabolism makes it possible for the kidney to excrete many...

Erikson's Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development Basic Trust versus Basic Mistrust (Hope): Age: Infants (0-1 year) Description: In this stage, infants learn to trust their caregivers and the world around them. Consistent and reliable care leads to a sense of security. Positive Outcome: If caregivers provide reliable care and affection,...

CARCINOMA IN SITU Epithelial malignancy which has not yet invaded even -the local confines viz basement membrane is termed as carcinoma in situ (intra epithelial neoplasia, pre-invasive cancer) This lesion merges morphologically with severe dysplasia Common sites for carcinoma-in-situ : Cervical squamous epithelium Oropharynx Bronchial epithelium. Breast ducts and lobules....

THE DECIDUOUS DENTITION   I. The Deciduous Dentition -It is also known as the primary, baby, milk or lacteal dentition. diphyodont, that is, with two sets of teeth. The term deciduous means literally 'to fall off.'   There are twenty deciduous teeth that are classified into three classes. There are...

Coronoid Fracture A coronoid fracture is a relatively rare type of fracture that involves the coronoid process of the mandible, which is the bony projection on the upper part of the ramus of the mandible where the temporalis muscle attaches. This fracture is often associated with specific mechanisms of injury and can...

Applications of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation • Calculate the ratio of CB to WA, if pH is given • Calculate the pH, if ratio of CB to WA is known • Calculate the pH of a weak acid solution of known concentration • Determine the pKa of a WA-CB pair •...

Aquaretics An aquaretic is a class of drug that is used to promote aquaresis, the excretion of water without electrolyte loss. Lithium, demeclocycline Mechanism of Action 1.    Block ADH action on distal tubule and collecting duct. Blocking ADH decreases H2O permeability. H2O is not recovered (distal tubule) using osmotic draw...

o    English: all speech sounds produced by making exhaled air audible o    Two ways of producing sound     at larynx     further up in vocal tract (tongue, lips)      o    How to produce sound at larynx     changes in breathing: regulate airstream from lungs to atmosphere by changing movements...

Edgewise Technique The Edgewise Technique is based on the use of brackets that have a slot (or edge) into which an archwire is placed. This design allows for precise control of tooth movement in multiple dimensions (buccal-lingual, mesial-distal, and vertical). Mechanics: The technique utilizes a combination of archwires, brackets, and...

Clinical & biologic death Clinical death Clinical death is the reversible transmission between life and biologic death. Clinical death is defined as the period of respiratory, circulatory and brain arrest during which initiation of resuscitation can lead to recovery. Signs indicating clinical death are • The patient is without pulse...

 Staphylococcal aureus  - cutaneous infections     - furuncles (boils)     - carbuncles (more complicated furuncle with multiple sinuses)     - impetigo (often mixed with Streptococcus and has a more bullous appearance than crusted)     - hidradenitis suppurative (abscess of apocrine glands→e.g., axilla)     - nail bed (paronychial infection)      -...