The symptoms described, including low serum calcium and high serum phosphate, are indicative of primary hypoparathyroidism, which can occur after the removal of parathyroid glands.

In achondroplasia, the elbows often cannot be folded is not true; they can be folded.

Ground-glass hepatocytes are a hallmark of HBV infection and are characterized by spheres and tubules of HBsAg in the cytoplasm, resulting in a finely granular appearance. However, these cells typically show no significant nuclear atypia.

When punching holes to place a rubber dam for a class V cavity on the facial surface, punching holes larger and facially provides better access and visibility. This allows for easier placement and removal of the dam, as well as less risk of damaging the adjacent tissue

Enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.