The part of the instrument that should remain parallel to the long axis of the tooth is the shank.

If a laterally positioned flap is not properly designed or secured, it can lead to complications such as tearing or failing to fully cover the dehiscence, potentially causing a new dehiscence at the donor site.

 Fibrous gingival hyperplasia, also known as gingival overgrowth, is characterized by an increase in the size of the gingival tissue due to an excessive accumulation of collagen and other extracellular matrix components. This condition can be caused by various factors, including certain medications (like anticonvulsants, calcium channel blockers, and immunosuppressants), hormonal changes, or chronic inflammation.

A Gracey curette is correctly adapted when the lower shank is parallel with the tooth surface being scaled.

Hyaluronidase and chondroitinase are enzymes that play a role in the degradation of connective tissue components, including glycosaminoglycans in the periodontal tissues. These enzymes contribute to the breakdown of the extracellular matrix, which is significant in periodontal disease progression.