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1 Orthodontics

Flaccid lip, digit sucking, high frenum attachment & poor muscle tone are the etiology of :

1) Anterior cross bite
2) Diastema
3) Anterior bite
4) Posterior cross bite

Option 1

Option 2

Midline diastema Etiology

Normal developing dentition - (Ugly Ducking Stage)

Parafunctional habits
- Flaccid lips along with poor muscle tone
- Simple Tongue thrust can cause anterior open bite as well as diastema
- Thumb sucking or digit sucking for a prolonged time period

Retrognathic mandible/ Prognathic mandible

Frenum attachments
Mesio-distal angulation of teeth
Tooth anomalies (eg. supernumerary teeth, peg laterals, absence of laterals)

Pathological (Juvenile periodontitis)

Option 3

Option 4

2 General Medicine

What is the primary mechanism of action of Shiga-like toxins produced by EHEC?
1) Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes
2) Induces lipid peroxidation in cell membranes
3) Increases intracellular cAMP
4) Induces endothelial cell damage

Option 1

Shiga-like toxins produced by EHEC bind to ribosomes in target cells, particularly endothelial cells, and inhibit protein synthesis. This leads to cell damage and contributes to the development of hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Option 2

Option 3

Option 4

3 Physiology

Which of the following is NOT a clinical consequence of defective bile acid absorption?
1) Fat malabsorption
2) Steatorrhea
3) Hemolytic anemia
4) Vitamin K deficiency

Option 1

Option 2

Option 3

Hemolytic anemia is NOT a clinical consequence of defective bile acid absorption; rather, it is associated with the destruction of red blood cells, while fat malabsorption, steatorrhea, and vitamin K deficiency can occur due to bile salt deficiency.

Option 4

4 Prosthodontics

Of the four factors affecting balanced occlusion in complete dentures, which of the following can be altered by only a slight amount because of wide limitations of esthetics and physiologic factors?
1. Condylar inclinations
2. Compensating curve
3. Incisal guidance
4. Cuspal inclinations

Option 1

Option 2

Option 3

Of the four factors affecting balanced occlusion in complete dentures, which of the following can be altered by only a slight amount: incisal guidance.

Option 4

5 Biochemistry

A component of the coenzyme required in a transamination process is 1. Thiamine 2 Folic acid 3 Pyridoxine 4 Riboflavin

Option 1

Option 2

Option 3

A component of the coenzyme required in a transamination process is Pyridoxine

Option 4

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