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Oral Medicine

Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases: Diabetes, HIV & Anemia

NEET MDSINI-CET MDSINBDE

This high-yield revision note on Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases: Diabetes, HIV & Anemia covers everything examiners typically test under Oral Medicine — structured as quick-reference tables, clinical correlations, mnemonics and previous-year-style high-yield points. It's built for last-mile revision before NEET MDS, INI-CET MDS and INBDE, so you can scan it in minutes instead of re-reading a whole textbook chapter.

Systemic DiseaseOral Finding
Diabetes mellitus (uncontrolled)Xerostomia, recurrent periodontal abscesses, delayed wound healing, burning mouth, increased caries/candidiasis susceptibility
HIV/AIDSOral hairy leukoplakia (EBV-driven, lateral tongue border, does NOT rub off - pathognomonic), pseudomembranous candidiasis, linear gingival erythema, Kaposi sarcoma (HHV-8), necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis/periodontitis
Iron deficiency anemiaAngular cheilitis, atrophic glossitis ("bald tongue"); with dysphagia + koilonychia = Plummer-Vinson syndrome
Vitamin B12/Folate deficiencyBeefy-red glossitis (Hunter's/Moeller's glossitis), burning mouth sensation
Vitamin C deficiency (scurvy)Swollen, spongy, hemorrhagic gingiva
Leukemia (esp. AML M4/M5)Diffuse gingival enlargement, petechiae, spontaneous gingival bleeding
Crohn's diseaseCobblestone buccal mucosa, orofacial granulomatosis, deep linear ulcers
Mnemonic: "Hairy leukoplakia = HIV's calling card" - it is a pathognomonic finding for HIV infection, caused by EBV, classically on the lateral tongue border, does NOT scrape off (unlike candidiasis).
HY: Oral hairy leukoplakia is the single most repeated HIV-associated oral lesion for exams - it must be distinguished from pseudomembranous candidiasis (which DOES rub off) as both present as white lesions in immunocompromised patients.
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