Study Notes

Typical Concentration Gradients and Membrane Potentials in Excitable Cells The Na Pump is Particularly Important in the Kidney and Brain All cells have Na pumps in their membranes, but some cells have more than others Over-all Na pump activity may account for a third of your resting energy expenditure! In the kidney the Na pump activity is very high because it is used to regulate body salt and water concentrations Kidneys use enormous amounts of e…

Solution Liners (Varnishes) Applications  o    Enamel and dentin lining for amalgam restorations o    Enamel and dentin lining for cast restorations that are used with non adhesive cements o    Coating over materials that are moisture sensitive during setting Components of copal resin varnish o    90% solvent mixture (e.g., chloroform, acetone, and alcohol) o    10% dissol…

Chemical Controls of Respiration A.    Chemoreceptors (CO2, O2, H+) 1.    central chemoreceptors - located in the medulla 2.    peripheral chemoreceptors - large vessels of neck B.    Carbon Dioxide Effects 1.    a powerful chemical regulator of breathing by increasing H+ (lowering pH)      a. hypercapnia            Ca…

Ketorolac Mechanism of action primary action responsible for its anti-inflammatory/antipyretic/analgesic effects is inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis through inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX). Ketorolac is not a selective inhibitor of COX enzymes Indications: short-term management of pain Contraindications hypersensitivity to ketorolac, and against patients with the complete or partial syndrome of nasal polyps, angioedema, bronchospas…

The Nerve Impulse When a nerve is stimulated the resting potential changes. Examples of such stimuli are pressure, electricity, chemicals, etc. Different neurons are sensitive to different stimuli(although most can register pain). The stimulus causes sodium ion channels to open. The rapid change in polarity that moves along the nerve fiber is called the "action potential." In order for an action potential to occur, it must reach threshold. If threshold …