Radiology

Fractures of the Zygomatic Arch Structures: Zygomatic arch, zygomatic bone. Best Views: Submento-Vertex View: Provides a clear view of the zygomatic arch and helps assess fractures. Waters View: Useful for visualizing the zygomatic bone and maxillary sinus. Reverse Townes View: Can also be used to visualize the zygomatic arch. Base of Skull Structures: Base of the skull, cranial fossae. Best Views: Submento-Vertex View: E…

Common Problems in Film Processing 1. Light Radiographs Causes: Under Development: Temperature too low Time too short Depleted developer solution Under Exposure: Insufficient milliamperage Insufficient kVp Insufficient exposure time Film-source distance too great Film packet reversed in the mouth 2. Dark Radiographs Causes: Over Development: Temperature too high Time too long Acci…

DENTAL X-RAY TUBE The dental X-ray tube is surrounded by a glass envelope that houses a vacuum. The glass prevents low-grade radiation from escaping. The vacuum insures the protection of the equipment from catastrophic failure. Production of X-rays generates enormous amounts of heat; the vacuum prevents the risk of combustion and ensures the proper environment for conduction of electrons. There are two separate energy sources, one that powers the energy poten…

1. Postero-Anterior (PA) View of Skull Head Position: Centered in front of the cassette; canthomeatal line parallel to the floor. For cephalometric applications, the canthomeatal line is 10° above the horizontal, and the Frankfort plane is perpendicular to the film. Projection of Central Ray: Passes posterior to anterior, perpendicular to the film. Important Features: Used to examine the skull for disease, trauma, and sinuses. Best for view…

Age Groups and Radiographs Age 2: Anterior IOPA's: 2 Posterior IOPA's: 4 Bitewings: 2 Total Films: 12 Age 8: Anterior IOPA's: 8 Posterior IOPA's: 4 Bitewings: 2 Total Films: 14 Age 8 (another entry): Anterior IOPA's: 8 Posterior IOPA's: 8 Bitewings: 2 Total Films: 20 Summary of Total Films by Type Anterior IOPA's: Age 2: 2 Age 8: 8 Age 8 (another entry): 8 Total …