General Pathology

Osteonecrosis (Avascular Necrosis)  Ischemic necrosis with resultant bone infarction occurs mostly due to fracture or after corticosteroid use. Microscopically, dead bon trabevulae (characterized by empty lacunae) are interspersed with areas of fat necrosis. The cortex is usually not affected because of collateral blood supply; in subchondral infarcts, the overlying articular cartilage also remains viable because the synovial fluid can provide nutritional…

Keloids 1. Characterized by a progressively enlarging scar. 2. Caused by an abnormal accumulation of collagen at the site of injury. 3. More common in African-Americans.…

Neutrophilia Causes      -Pyogenic infections. -Haemorrhage and trauma. -Malignancies. -Infarction. -Myelo proliferative disorders.

Aneurysm An aneurysm is a localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel or the heart Types: 1. True aneurysm - it involves all three layers of the arterial wall (intima, media, and adventitia) or the attenuated wall of the heart.  e.g. Atherosclerotic, syphilitic, and congenital aneurysms, and ventricular aneurysms that follow transmural myocardial infarctions.  2 False aneurysm  (also called pseudo-aneurysm) is a breach in the vascul…

AMYLOIDOSIS Definition. Extra cellular  deposition of an eosinophilic hyaline homogenous material in Various organs, occurring in a variety of clinical  states. Staining reactions Iodine :- Brown, turning blue on addition of H2SO4 (gross and microscopic Stain). P.A.S. – Positive  (Magenta pink). Congo Red -Orange red which on polarisation gives green birefringence. Von Geison's –Khaki colour. Thioflavin T -Yellow fluoresce…