Anaesthesia

Agent Property Halothane Most potent, second gas effect Nitrous Oxide Fast induction, highest MAC, least potent, diffusion hypoxia Non-metabolized, bone marrow depression, not safe in ear surgery Ether → Basis of anaesthesia staging MAC (Minimal Alveolar Concentration) → Indicator of potency Minimum O₂ in mix → 25% Agents fluorinated → 🔥 Non-inflammable…

Parameter Modality Brain temperature Tympanic membrane Hypothermia definition Core temp < 35°C MI during surgery Transesophageal echocardiography BP monitoring Cuff deflation @ 3 – 5 mmHg/sec O₂ saturation Pulse oximetry CVP monitoring Right internal jugular vein Exhaled CO₂ Capnography Gas pressure Torr or mmHg Arterial CO₂…

Agent Key Point Cocaine First LA, sympathomimetic, antimuscarinic Lignocaine Safe in surface/infiltration, 7 mg/kg with adrenaline Bupivacaine Longest acting, no methemoglobinemia Prilocaine Causes methemoglobinemia Chloroprocaine Shortest duration EMLA Xylocaine + Prilocaine Cocaine Causes vasoconstriction…

First Local Anaesthetic: Cocaine First Muscle Relaxant: D-Tubocurarine (DTC) Intubation Pioneer: Ivan Magill (Magill's forceps)  Preoperative Considerations Stop smoking ideally 8 weeks prior to surgery. Urgent warfarin reversal: Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP). Atropine: ↓ Salivation Bronchodilation Flushing in pediatric patients…