Anatomy

Cardiac Muscle Fibres anastomose through cross bridges Fibres are short, connected end to end at intercalated discs, also striated,  contract automatically Light microscopic Structure: Short fibres connected at intercalated disks,  85 - 100 µm long,  15 µm same bands as in skeletal muscle,  1 or 2 nuclei - oval and central,  in perinuclear area is a sarcoplasmic reticulum, intercalated discs lie at the Z line El…

Hip Constitutes the pelvic girdle United with the vertebral column Union of three parts that is marked by a cup shaped cavity (acetabulum) Ilium •    Prominence of the hip •    Superior border is the crest •    Anterosuperior spine-projection at the anterior tip of the crest •    Corresponding projections on the posterior part are the posterosuperior and posteroinferior iliac sp…

3 basic functions o    protection of respiratory tract during swallowing food/air pathways cross.     epiglottis provides protection o    control intra-thoracic pressure (in coughing) -    close off airway to build pressure then rapidly open to release stuff o    production of sound (in speaking, singing, laughing) Important structures o    hyoid bone o   &…

Muscles Around the Mouth The sphincter of the mouth is orbicularis oris and the dilator muscles radiate outward from the lips like the spokes of a wheel. Orbicularis Oris Muscle This muscle encircles the mouth and is the sphincter of the oral aperture This muscle (1) closes the lips, (2) protrudes them and (3) compresses them against the teeth. It plays an important role in articulation and mastication. Together with the buccinator muscle, it he…

​​​​​​​The Tongue The tongue (L. lingua; G. glossa) is a highly mobile muscular organ that can vary greatly in shape. It consists of three parts, a root, body, and tip. The tongue is concerned with mastication, taste, deglutition (swallowing), articulation (speech), and oral cleansing. Its main functions are squeezing food into the pharynx when swallowing, and forming words during speech.…