Anatomy

The Hard Palate The anterior bony part of the palate is formed by the palatine process of the maxillae and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones. Anteriorly and laterally, the hard palate is bounded by the alveolar processes and the gingivae. Posteriorly, the hard palate is continuous with the soft palate. The incisive foramen is the mouth of the incisive canal. This foramen is located posterior to the maxillary central incisor teeth…

The Articular Capsule The capsule of this joint is loose. The thin fibrous capsule is attached to the margins of the articular area on the temporal bone and around the neck of the mandible.…

EPITHELIUMS Epithelial Tissue Epithelial tissue covers surfaces, usually has a basement membrane, has little extracellular material, and has no blood vessels. A basement membrane attaches the epithelial cells to underlying tissues. Most epithelia have a free surface, which is not in contact with other cells. Epithelia are classified according to the number of cell layers and the shape of the cells.   Epitheliums contain no blood vessels.  There…

Intramembranous ossification Flat bones develop in this way (bones of the skull) This type of bone development takes place in mesenchymal tissue Mesenchymal cells condense to form a primary ossification centre (blastema) Some of the condensed mesenchymal cells change to osteoprogenitor cells Osteoprogenitor cells change into osteoblasts which start to deposit bone As the osteoblasts deposit bone some of them become trapped in lacunae in the bone and …

The Superior Roof of the Orbit The superior wall or roof of the orbit is formed almost completely by the orbital plate of the frontal bone. Posteriorly, the superior wall is formed by the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone. The roof of the orbit is thin, translucent, and gently arched. This plate of bone separates the orbital cavity and the anterior cranial fossa. The optic canal is located in the posterior part of the roof.…