Study Notes

Phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V) Phenoxymethylpenicillin, commonly known as penicillin V, is the orally-active form of penicillin. It is less active than benzylpenicillin Indications: infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, skin infections, prophylaxis of rheumatic fever, moderate-to-severe gingivitis (with metronidazole)…

Mineral Sources: Supragingival: Saliva Subgingival: GCF Crystal Composition: Crystal Type Percentage Hydroxyapatite 58% Magnesium whitlockite 21% Octacalcium phosphate 12% Brushite 8% Color: Supragingival: White/yellow Subgingival: Dark brown/green-black Stains: Green: Chromogenic bacteria Yellow-brown: Chlorhexidine…

The Cardiac Cycle: the sequence of events in one heartbeat. systole - the contraction phase; unless otherwise specified refers to left ventricle, but each chamber has its own systole. diastole - the relaxation phase; unless otherwise specified refers to left ventricle, but each chamber has its own diastole. 1) quiescent period - period when all chambers are at rest and filling. 70% of ventricular filling occurs during this period. The AV valves are open, th…

Snoring: Partial airway obstruction Apnea: No airflow > 10 seconds Hypopnea: > 2/3 decrease in tidal volume Apnea – Hypopnea Index (AHI): [ \text{AHI} = \frac{\text{Apneas + Hypopneas}}{\text{Total sleep time}} \times 60 ] UPPP surgery: Enlarges airway in anterosuperior & lateral directions Passavant’s ridge: Superior pharyngeal constrictor contraction…

Hepatitis Hepatitis viruses—this group of viruses causes hepatitis, a disease affecting the liver. 1. General characteristics of hepatitis. a. The general presentation of hepatitis is the same regardless of the infecting virus; however, the time and severity of symptoms may differ. b. Symptoms of hepatitis include fever, anorexia, malaise, nausea, jaundice, and brown-colored urine. c. Complications of a hepatitis infection include cirrhosis, liver fai…