Le Fort I Fracture

• Le Fort I fracture involves the maxilla and typically includes the upper teeth and palate, lower portions of the pterygoid processes, and the nasal spine. However, it does not involve the bridge of the nose, which is part of the facial skeleton above the maxilla.

Both sonic and ultrasonic instruments are used in dental procedures, particularly in endodontics and scaling. They generate vibrations that help in the removal of debris and biofilm. A key feature of these instruments is that they require the use of copious amounts of irrigating solutions to enhance their effectiveness, cool the instrument, and flush out debris. While they may also be used for flaring coronal portions of root canals and can be controlled during operation, the commonality that stands out is the need for irrigating solutions.

Crohn's disease primarily affects the mucosa and submucosa, but can involve all layers of the intestinal wall, leading to the characteristic features such as aphthous ulcers and granulomas.

The standard force for evaluating periodontal pockets that have been found to be well tolerated is 0.75 N.

Prolonged immobilization, such as during hospitalization or after surgery, is a significant risk factor for the development of DVT. Other risk factors include age over 65, obesity, and cancer, but among hospitalized patients, immobilization is the most common precipitating factor for venous thrombosis.