Alcohol induces lipid peroxidation primarily by generating reactive oxygen species during its metabolism by the cytochrome P450 system in the liver. These free radicals can damage cell membranes and organelles.

Diabetic neuropathy leads to loss of protective sensation, allowing for unnoticed trauma and subsequent ulceration. Abnormal foot biomechanics can cause increased plantar pressure and foot deformities such as hammertoes or calluses that may progress to ulcers. PAD reduces blood flow to the feet, impairing the healing process and making infection more likely. Poor wound healing is a direct consequence of both neuropathy and vascular compromise.

Growth hormone deficiency due to hypopituitarism can manifest at different ages depending on the underlying cause. It is often recognized in childhood when growth patterns are monitored regularly.

The combination of jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and thrombocytopenia suggests that the patient has developed cirrhosis of the liver due to chronic alcohol abuse.

Albumin is mainly involved in osmotic regulation and serves as a carrier protein for various substances, including bilirubin and fatty acids. However, it is not a primary carrier for thyroid hormones, which are mainly transported by thyroxine-binding globulin.