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1 General Medicine
What is the role of angiotensinogen in blood pressure regulation?1) It is a precursor to angiotensin II, which is a potent vasoconstrictor and stimulant of aldosterone release.2) It is a precursor to angiotensin I, which has no direct role in blood pressure regulation.3) It acts as a co-factor in the production of bradykinin, a vasodilator.4) It is a potent inhibitor of the renin-angiotensin system.
Angiotensinogen is converted to angiotensin II by the action of renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor and stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex, leading to sodium and water retention and an increase in blood pressure.
2 General Medicine
What is the primary hormone responsible for the regulation of calcium homeostasis?1) Parathyroid hormone (PTH)2) Calcitonin3) Vitamin D4) Thyrocalcitonin
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the primary hormone that regulates calcium homeostasis in the body. It is secreted by the parathyroid glands and acts on the kidneys, bones, and intestines to maintain serum calcium levels within a narrow range. While vitamin D and calcitonin also play roles in calcium metabolism, PTH is the major player in this regulatory process.
3 General Medicine
Renin is an enzyme secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidneys in response to low blood pressure or low sodium concentration.
4 General Medicine
Crepitus is a characteristic sign of gas gangrene, which is often caused by Clostridium perfringens. This bacterium produces gas in tissues, leading to a crackling sensation upon palpation.
5 General Medicine
A patient with a history of alcohol abuse presents with jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and thrombocytopenia. The most likely diagnosis is:1) Alcoholic hepatitis2) Cirrhosis3) Pancreatitis4) Hepatic encephalopathy
The combination of jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, and thrombocytopenia suggests that the patient has developed cirrhosis of the liver due to chronic alcohol abuse.
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