What is the first step in the activation of vitamin D3 in the body?
1) Liver hydroxylation to calcidiol
2) Kidney hydroxylation to calcitriol
3) Skin synthesis from 7-dehydrocholesterol
4) Intestinal absorption with bile salts

In a patient with hyperparathyroidism, which of the following is NOT a feature of osteoporosis?
1) Decreased bone density
2) Increased bone turnover
3) Increased risk of fractures
4) Decreased bone resorption

The major risk factor for foot ulcers and infections in individuals with diabetes mellitus is:
1) Neuropathy
2) Abnormal foot biomechanics
3) Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
4) All of the above

What is the primary mechanism of action of antihistamines in the management of anaphylaxis?
1) Blocking the release of mediators from mast cells
2) Directly counteracting the effects of histamine on H1 receptors
3) Acting on beta-2 adrenergic receptors to dilate bronchioles
4) Inhibiting the production of leukotrienes and prostaglandins

The primary mechanism of action of nitroglycerin in the treatment of angina pectoris is:
1) Dilatation of coronary arteries
2) Decreased cardiac contractility
3) Increased cardiac output
4) Decreased systemic vascular resistance