This high-yield revision note on Biochemistry for Dentists: Collagen, Vitamins D & C in Oral Health covers everything examiners typically test under Biochemistry — structured as quick-reference tables, clinical correlations, mnemonics and previous-year-style high-yield points. It's built for last-mile revision before NEET MDS, INI-CET MDS and INBDE, so you can scan it in minutes instead of re-reading a whole textbook chapter.
| Topic | Detail |
|---|---|
| Collagen | Type I is the MOST COMMON collagen in dentin, bone, PDL, and cementum; Type IV forms the basement membrane. Triple-helix structure with a Gly-X-Y amino acid repeat; hydroxyproline/hydroxylysine cross-links require Vitamin C as a cofactor for the enzymes prolyl and lysyl hydroxylase |
| Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) | Essential cofactor for collagen hydroxylation; deficiency causes scurvy - swollen, bleeding gingiva and impaired wound healing due to defective collagen cross-linking |
| Vitamin D | Regulates intestinal calcium/phosphate absorption and bone mineralization; deficiency causes Rickets (in children, before epiphyseal closure) or Osteomalacia (in adults) - can also cause delayed tooth eruption, enamel hypoplasia, and a widened interglobular dentin (predentin) zone |
| Calcium/phosphate homeostasis | Parathyroid hormone (PTH) INCREASES serum calcium (via bone resorption, renal reabsorption, and activation of Vitamin D) and DECREASES serum phosphate; Calcitonin (from thyroid C cells) DECREASES serum calcium, opposing PTH |
| Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) | A marker of osteoblastic activity/bone formation; markedly elevated in Paget's disease and hyperparathyroidism, and generally elevated during active bone remodeling |
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