Study Notes

EMBOLISM Definition: transportation of an abnormal mass of an abnormal mass of undissolved material from one part of circulation to another. The mass transported is called embolus. Types I .Thrombi and clots. 2. Gas or air. 3. Fat 4.Amniotic fluid. 5.Tumour Thromboembolism  This is the commonest type of embolus and may be formed of the primary thrombus  or more often of propagated clot region which is loosely attached. Emboli from venous …

Intrinsic Muscles of the Tongue The Superior Longitudinal Muscle of the Tongue The muscle forms a thin layer deep to the mucous membrane on the dorsum of the tongue, running from its tip to its root. It arises from the submucosal fibrous layer and the lingual septum and inserts mainly into the mucous membrane. This muscle curls the tip and sides of the tongue superiorly, making the dorsum of the tongue concave.   The Inferior Longitu…

At birth: Alveolar process = Gum pad Gum pad segmentation: Transverse groove Division into labio-buccal & lingual: Dental groove Groove between canine & 1st molar: Lateral sulcus Gingival groove (upper arch): Separates gum pad from palate Gum pad shape: Upper = horseshoe; Lower = U-shaped, rectangular Natal teeth: Present at birth Neonatal teeth: Erupt within 30 days Associated syndromes: Ellis-van Creveld, Craniofacial Dysostosis …

Progression from Gingivitis to Periodontitis The transition from gingivitis to periodontitis is a critical process in periodontal disease progression. This lecture will outline the key stages involved in this progression, highlighting the changes in microbial composition, host response, and tissue alterations. Pathway of Progression Establishment and Maturation of Supragingival Plaque: The process begins with the formation of supragingival pla…

Case-Control Study and Cohort Study are two types of epidemiological studies commonly used in dental research to identify potential risk factors and understand the causality of diseases or conditions. 1. Case-Control Study: A case-control study is a retrospective analytical study design in which researchers start with a group of patients who already have the condition of interest (the cases) and a group of patients without the condition (the controls…