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NEETMDS- short notes

NEET MDS Shorts

473248
Pharmacology

Synthetic opioids, sharing properties of opium and morphine, include meperidine, propoxyphene, diphenoxylate, fentanyl, buprenorphine, methadone, and pentazocine. Various opiate effects are analgesia, respiratory depression, constipation, and euphoria.

Fentanyl (80 to 100 times more powerful than morphine) is especially dangerous.

Atropine blocks the muscarinic receptors. Atropine decreases gastrointestinal tract motility and secretion and causes constipation.

Although various derivatives and congeners of atropine (such as propantheline, isopropamide, and glycopyrrolate) have been advocated in patients with peptic ulcer or with diarrheal syndromes

Neostigmine is Cholinesterase inhibitors that enhance the effects of parasympathetic stimulation and leads to reversal of intoxication by agents with a anticholinergic action

855348
Physiology

The primary function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is the secretion of renin, which regulates blood volume and blood pressure.

724269
Dental Material

Types of expansion that are possible in an investment are
thermal expansion, hygroscopic expansion, and setting expansion

855838
Oral Pathology

Analgesics are not effective in reducing pain in trigeminal neuralgia.

631206
Radiology

All of the following are radiolucent except osteopetrosis.

162082
Oral Medicine

For a patient on warfarin therapy, the target INR (International Normalized Ratio) for undergoing minor oral surgery is typically 2-3. This range provides adequate thromboprophylaxis while minimizing the risk of excessive bleeding. However, the decision to proceed with surgery should be made on a case-by-case basis, considering the patient's overall health and surgical risks.

188783
Pharmacology

Vasopressin antagonists like tolvaptan are aquaretics

885067
General Medicine

The best single laboratory aid in diagnosis of TB is sputum examination

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