NEET MDS Shorts
279033
MedicineProphylactic spinal irradiation is often used in conditions like acute lymphatic leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma to prevent central nervous system involvement. However, it is not routinely used in Hodgkin's lymphoma unless there is a specific indication for it.
211001
MedicineThe response to treatment of syphilis is best monitored by VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test) because it is a non-specific test for syphilis that measures the presence of antibodies in the blood. It is widely used for diagnosis and monitoring the effectiveness of treatment. TPHA (Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay) and FTA-ABS (Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption) are both specific treponemal antibody tests, which are used for confirming the diagnosis but not as commonly for monitoring treatment response. TPI (Treponema pallidum immobilization) is a specific antibody test but less sensitive than TPHA and FTA-ABS, making VDRL a more practical choice for monitoring treatment.
283312
MedicineAntiphospholipid antibody syndrome is characterized by recurrent thrombosis, recurrent fetal loss, and neurological symptoms. Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) is often seen, while thrombocytosis (high platelet count) is not a typical feature of this syndrome.
171643
MedicineAntiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is characterized by recurrent thrombosis (such as deep vein thrombosis), pregnancy complications (including spontaneous abortions), and can be associated with autoimmune symptoms like joint pain and fever. The prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) can also be seen in APS due to the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies.
106944
MedicineMitral Stenosis Radiological Findings
Double atrial shadow: This is a common finding in
mitral stenosis due to left atrial enlargement.
Indentation of esophagus: The enlarged left atrium can
compress the esophagus, leading to this finding.
Narrow airspace behind the sternum: This is not
typically associated with mitral stenosis. Instead, it may indicate other
conditions such as lung pathology.
Elevation of left bronchus: This can occur due to the
enlarged left atrium pushing against the bronchus.
957591
Medicine
Medulloblastoma is a malignant brain tumor that
commonly occurs in children. Due to its tendency to spread along the
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), craniospinal irradiation is an essential part of its
treatment. Pilocytic astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas typically do not
require this approach.