NEET MDS Shorts
156257
MicrobiologyThere are some enzymes that cause protein to coagulate rather than to produce simpler compund These are known as lab enzymes
1. Coagulase:
Definition: Coagulase is an enzyme produced by certain
bacteria, most notably Staphylococcus aureus. It catalyzes the
conversion of fibrinogen (a soluble plasma protein) into fibrin (an
insoluble protein), leading to the clotting of blood.
Function: The production of coagulase is a virulence
factor for Staphylococcus aureus, as it helps the bacteria evade
the host's immune system by forming a protective clot around the bacterial
cells. This clot can shield the bacteria from phagocytosis and other immune
responses.
Clinical Relevance: Coagulase is used in laboratory
tests to differentiate between pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus (coagulase-positive)
and non-pathogenic staphylococci (coagulase-negative).
2. Proteolytic Enzymes:
Definition: Proteolytic enzymes, also known as
proteases or peptidases, are enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of proteins
into smaller peptides or amino acids by cleaving the peptide bonds between
amino acids.
Function: These enzymes play crucial roles in various
biological processes, including digestion, protein turnover, cell signaling,
and immune responses. They are found in many organisms, including humans,
where they are involved in the digestion of dietary proteins in the stomach
and small intestine.
Types: Proteolytic enzymes can be classified based on
their mechanism of action (e.g., serine proteases, cysteine proteases,
aspartic proteases, and metalloproteases) and their substrate specificity.
Wenmycin is an antibiotic that is derived from the
bacterium Streptomyces wenyangensis. It belongs to the class of
compounds known as macrolide antibiotics, which are
characterized by their large lactone ring structure. Wenmycin has been studied
for its antimicrobial properties, particularly against certain types of
bacteria.
807531
MicrobiologyThe first recognized case in an epidemic outbreak is termed as the index case. Although both the index case and primary case appear to be the same yet they differ slightly. The term primary case refers to the person who first brings a disease into a group of people.
321894
Microbiology
In concentrations usually applied for sterilization purposes, ethylene oxide is preferable to formaldehyde becuase it is more penetrating
338765
Microbiology
The chemical nature of bacterial exotoxins is, a
lipopolysaccharide complex
566910
MicrobiologyN-acetyl muramic is intermediate in the biosynthesis the cell wall
541056
Microbiology
Infectious hepatitis (Hepatitis A virus): While HAV is
resistant to some environmental conditions, it is generally less resistant
than HBV.
Mumps virus: This is an enveloped virus and is not
particularly resistant to environmental factors.
Influenza virus: This is also an enveloped virus and is
susceptible to heat and many disinfectants.
Serum hepatitis (Hepatitis B virus): HBV is known for
its resilience. It can survive outside the body for long periods and is
resistant to many disinfectants and physical agents, making it one of the
more resistant viruses.
In summary, the correct answer is indeed 4. serum hepatitis
(Hepatitis B virus), as it is more resistant to chemical and physical
agents
760472
MicrobiologyMycobacterium tuberculosis: Fluorescent microscopy can be used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical specimens, especially when using specific fluorescent dyes (like auramine-rhodamine) that bind to the mycobacterial cell wall. This method allows for the visualization of the bacteria under a fluorescence microscope, making it a valuable tool in the diagnosis of tuberculosis.
396694
MicrobiologyMost bacterial endotoxins are composed of lipoprotein-polysaccharide complexes