323444

Soaps typically have the narrowest effective antimicrobial range among the listed compounds. They are primarily effective against certain bacteria and viruses but may not be as potent against a broader spectrum of pathogens compared to glutaraldehyde or alcohols like 70% isopropanol.

267610

717623

Lactobacillus is an acidogenic genus found in deep dental caries, that often increases significantly in
the saliva during periods of caries activity

651993

The most pronounced effect on the oral microflora of a reduction in rate of salivary flow is a shift towards a more acidogenic microflora

659048

The most efficient method of sterilization in dental practice is moist heat at 121°C for 20 min

156257

There are some enzymes that cause protein to coagulate rather than to produce simpler compund These are known as lab enzymes

1. Coagulase:

Definition: Coagulase is an enzyme produced by certain
bacteria, most notably Staphylococcus aureus. It catalyzes the
conversion of fibrinogen (a soluble plasma protein) into fibrin (an
insoluble protein), leading to the clotting of blood.
Function: The production of coagulase is a virulence
factor for Staphylococcus aureus, as it helps the bacteria evade
the host's immune system by forming a protective clot around the bacterial
cells. This clot can shield the bacteria from phagocytosis and other immune
responses.
Clinical Relevance: Coagulase is used in laboratory
tests to differentiate between pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus (coagulase-positive)
and non-pathogenic staphylococci (coagulase-negative).

2. Proteolytic Enzymes:

Definition: Proteolytic enzymes, also known as
proteases or peptidases, are enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of proteins
into smaller peptides or amino acids by cleaving the peptide bonds between
amino acids.
Function: These enzymes play crucial roles in various
biological processes, including digestion, protein turnover, cell signaling,
and immune responses. They are found in many organisms, including humans,
where they are involved in the digestion of dietary proteins in the stomach
and small intestine.
Types: Proteolytic enzymes can be classified based on
their mechanism of action (e.g., serine proteases, cysteine proteases,
aspartic proteases, and metalloproteases) and their substrate specificity.

Wenmycin is an antibiotic that is derived from the
bacterium Streptomyces wenyangensis. It belongs to the class of
compounds known as macrolide antibiotics, which are
characterized by their large lactone ring structure. Wenmycin has been studied
for its antimicrobial properties, particularly against certain types of
bacteria.

689473

chemical disinfection is cold strelization

882666

Colonies of E. coli serotype O157:H7 appear on Mac Conkey Sorbitol Agar as colourless colonies non-sorbitol fermenter. Others E. coli, sorbitol fermenters, give red colonies and gram-negative non-sorbitol fermenters appear translucent.