NEET MDS Shorts
536387
PharmacologyHeparin-associated thrombocytopenia may be associated with irreversible aggregation of platelets and treating venous thromboembolism. The incidence of thrombocytopenia after administration of LMWH is lower than with standard heparin. Adverse drug reactions like those caused by standard heparin have been seen during therapy with LMWH, and overdose is treated with protamine.
473248
PharmacologySynthetic opioids, sharing properties of opium and morphine, include meperidine, propoxyphene, diphenoxylate, fentanyl, buprenorphine, methadone, and pentazocine. Various opiate effects are analgesia, respiratory depression, constipation, and euphoria.
Fentanyl (80 to 100 times more powerful than morphine) is especially dangerous.
Atropine blocks the muscarinic receptors. Atropine decreases gastrointestinal tract motility and secretion and causes constipation.
Although various derivatives and congeners of atropine (such as propantheline, isopropamide, and glycopyrrolate) have been advocated in patients with peptic ulcer or with diarrheal syndromes
Neostigmine is Cholinesterase inhibitors that enhance the effects of parasympathetic stimulation and leads to reversal of intoxication by agents with a anticholinergic action
111780
PharmacologyThe drug currently in wide use for treating opioid dependent individuals is metahdone
815263
PharmacologyOprelvekin (Interleukin 11) is the only agent approved by the FDA for treatment of thrombocytopenia secondary to myelosuppressive cancer chemotherapy
Filgrastim (G-CSF) and Sargramostim (GM-SCF) are used in the treatment of neutropenia
Erythropoietin is used in treatment of anemia
575743
PharmacologyEthosuximide is the drug of choice for treatment of absence seizures.
Other drugs used in the management of absence seizures are valproic acid, lamotrigine and clonazepam.
480873
PharmacologyPyridoxine – drug interactions :
INH – induces a pyridoxine deficiency state
Levodopa – pyridoxine promotes peripheral conversion of levodopa to dopamine – thus it decreases therapeutic action of levodopa in the brain
Oral contraceptive pills – decrease pyridoxine levels in some females
Hydralazine – impairment of pyridoxine utilisation
4-deoxy pyridoxine – pyridoxine antagonist
185643
PharmacologyTreatment with a single 200-mg dose of doxycycline has been recommended
As studies in volunteers demonstrated conclusively, the disease is an immunizing process. Patients who have recovered from cholera are solidly immune for at least 3 years
804470
PharmacologyIt is also used to treat ventricular tachycardia and to perform nerve blocks
Dosage Of Local Anesthesia:
1) Safety dose of 2% Lignocaine is 4.5mg/kg without a Vasoconstrictor
Without a Vasoconstrictor 300 mg (maximum dose)
2) Safety dose of 2% Lignocaine is 7mg/kg with a Vasoconstrictor
With a Vasoconstrictor – 500 mg (maximum dose)
3) As 1ml of 2% Lignocaine contains 20mg – Where the Maximum safety dose being 300 mg
So 15 ml of Drug can be given safely
4) 1:1,00,000 concentration means 1 part of Adrenaline is 1,00,000 parts of Solution
Safety Dose of Adrenaline for Dental Use in normal patients is 0.2 mg – which means 20 ml of LA can be given to normal patients containing Adrenaline
For cardiac Patients the safety dose of Adrenaline is 0.04mg – Which means 4ml of LA can be given to Patients with cardiac problems containing Adrenaline
5) If the concentration of LA is 1:50,000 – 10 ml of LA can be given safely