NEET MDS Shorts
848996
PharmacologyCisapride can cause QT prolongation when administered along with drugs like ketoconazole which inhibit hepatic cytochrome p-450 CYP 3A4 enzyme.
230619
Pharmacology
cephalosporin are bactericidal, are potentially cross allergenic with penicillin, resistant to penicillinase
317370
PharmacologyStatus asthmaticus/Refractory asthma
Any patient of asthma is susceptible to develop acute severe asthma which may be life-threatening. Upper respiratory tract infection is the most common precipitant.
(i) Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate 100 mg (or equivalent dose of another glucocorticoid) i.v. stat, followed by 100-200 mg 4-8 hourly infusion; may take upto 6 hours to act.
(ii) Nebulized salbutamol (2.5-5 mg) + ipratropium bromide (0.5 mg) intermittent inhalations driven by O2 .
(iii) High flow humidified oxygen inhalation
(iv) Salbutamol/terbutaline 0.4 mg i.m./s.c. may be added since inhaled drug might not get to smaller bronchi owing to severe narrowing/plugging with secretions
(v) Intubation and mechanical ventilation if needed
(vi) intensive antibiotic therapy to be used for treating chest infection
(vii) Treat dehydration and acidosis with saline + sod. Bicarbonate/lactate infusion.
386519
PharmacologyDimercaprol (British antilewisite; BAL)
1. Poisoning by As, Hg, Au, Bi, Ni, Sb: it is administered i.m., 5 mg/kg stat, followed by 2-3 mg/kg every 4 – 8 hours for 2 days, then once or twice a day for 10 days. It is partly oxidized and glucuronide conjugated, but mainly excreted as such in 4 – 6 hours. Earlier the treatment is instituted, the better it is. Because the dimercaprolmetal complex dissociates faster in acidic urine and the released metal can damage the kidney, urine is alkalinized during dimercaprol therapy.
2. As an adjuvant to Cal. Disod. Edentate in lead poisoning.
3. As an adjuvant to penicillamine in Cu poisoning and in Wilson’s disease – 300 mg/day i.m. for 10 days every second month.
It is contraindicated in iron and cadmium poisoning, because the dimercaprol-Fe and dimercaprol-Cd complex is itself toxic.
616313
PharmacologyAdrenaline is contraindicated in hypertensive, hyperthyroid and angina patient.
Hypersensitivity to drug is absolute contraindication to any drug.
610411
PharmacologyGlycosaminoglycAnswer (GAGs) are heteropolysaccharides. These molecules are long unbranched polysaccharides containing a repeating disaccharide unit. The disaccharide units contain either of two modified sugars N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) or N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and a uronic acid such as glucuronate or iduronate. The specific GAGs of physiological significance are hyaluronic acid, dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, heparin, heparan sulfate, and keratan sulfate.
515626
PharmacologyPenicillinase may inactivate penicillin by splitting the beta-lactum ring
278517
PharmacologySulfasalazine is absorbed well from GIT
Sulfasalazine is poorly absorbed (10-20%) from the GIT .