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Disclosing agents are solutions or tablets that are used to reveal plaque and food debris on the teeth that are not easily seen with the naked eye. When children can visually see the areas they need to clean more thoroughly, they are more likely to understand the importance of good oral hygiene and improve their brushing and flossing techniques.

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The generally accepted "certainly lethal dose" range for 70 kg adults, i.e.,
from 5 to 10 g of sodium fluoride or from 32 to 64 mg fluoride/kg
The concept of a "probably toxic dose" (PTD) is advanced. The PTD, 5.0 mg
F/kg, is defined as the dose of ingested fluoride that should trigger immediate
therapeutic intervention and hospitalization because of the likelihood of
serious toxic consequences. 

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Primary prevention involves intervening before a lesion occurs to
prevent the disease from developing. This includes actions like brushing with
fluoride toothpaste, using fluoride mouth rinses, and maintaining a balanced
diet to prevent dental caries.

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 Randomization is a key component in experimental design that helps to minimize bias by distributing potential confounding variables evenly among the treatment and control groups. This process increases the likelihood that any observed differences between the groups are due to the treatment itself rather than pre-existing characteristics of the participants.

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Stannous fluoride is often favored for adults due to its ability to provide antimicrobial benefits along with its fluoride release, which can help in controlling dental caries and reducing sensitivity. It is commonly found in toothpaste and mouth rinses and is known for its effectiveness in preventing cavities and plaque formation.

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A higher drop-out rate can reduce the power of a study, as it leads to a smaller sample size and potentially less reliable results. To maintain the statistical significance and power of the study, a larger sample size must be enrolled initially to account for the expected number of participants who will not complete the study. Other factors that influence sample size include the incidence of the disease, the significance level, and the size of the expected treatment effect, but the question specifically asks about the impact of an increasing drop-out rate.

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In a double-blind study, neither the participants nor the experimenters know who
is receiving the treatment or the placebo. This is to prevent any bias in the
study results due to the expectations of the participants or the researchers.
The statement that the investigator can omit data that fails to support the
hypothesis is not correct; data should be analyzed as is to maintain the
integrity of the study.

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