NEET MDS Shorts
156930
ProsthodonticsExplanation: Wrought wire clasps are more flexible than cast clasps, allowing them to engage undercuts more effectively. However, they require a greater depth of undercut to achieve the same retention as cast clasps. This is because wrought wire clasps can flex and adapt to the contours of the tooth better than rigid cast clasps. The other statements are incorrect regarding the comparative abilities of clasp materials and their engagement with undercuts.
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Oral PathologyRadiation dose can be reduced by using speed films, filters, and increasing target-object distance.
901976
PeriodonticsPyogenic granuloma is a granulation tissue overgrowth.
160121
Dental MaterialsHigh strength dental stones typically have a setting time of 30-60 minutes, which allows for sufficient working time while providing enhanced mechanical properties.
213003
AnatomyIt attaches superiorly at the medial border of the mandible and inferiorly at the body of the hyoid
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PathologyThe correct answer for the MCQ is option 1: Pernicious anemia results from
vitamin B12 deficiency resulting from inadequate intrinsic factor. This is
because pernicious anemia is specifically caused by the body's inability to
absorb vitamin B12 due to a lack of intrinsic factor, which is required for the
absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine. Folic acid deficiency, while
it can also cause megaloblastic anemia, is not directly associated with
intrinsic factor and is a separate entity from pernicious anemia.
1. Vitamin B12 deficiency resulting from inadequate intrinsic factor:
Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient that plays a critical role in the
production of healthy red blood cells. It is involved in the synthesis of DNA
and the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids. Intrinsic factor is a protein
produced by the parietal cells of the stomach that binds to vitamin B12,
allowing it to be absorbed in the small intestine. When there is a deficiency of
intrinsic factor, vitamin B12 cannot be effectively absorbed from food, leading
to vitamin B12 deficiency anemia. This is the most common cause of pernicious
anemia.
Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system
mistakenly attacks the stomach cells that produce intrinsic factor. Without
sufficient intrinsic factor, vitamin B12 cannot be absorbed, resulting in a
decrease in the number of red blood cells produced. The red blood cells that are
formed are abnormally large and immature, known as megaloblasts. These cells are
not efficient at carrying oxygen and are destroyed more quickly than normal
cells, leading to the symptoms of anemia such as fatigue, weakness, and pallor.
The deficiency in vitamin B12 can also affect the nervous system, causing
neuropathy, cognitive impairment, and other neurological symptoms.
2. Folic acid deficiency resulting from inadequate intrinsic factor:
Folic acid is another B-vitamin essential for the production of red blood cells
and is involved in DNA synthesis. However, folic acid deficiency is not directly
caused by a lack of intrinsic factor. Folic acid is absorbed in the small
intestine through a different mechanism than vitamin B12. While folic acid
deficiency can also lead to megaloblastic anemia, it is not typically referred
to as pernicious anemia. Pernicious anemia is specifically associated with
vitamin B12 deficiency due to intrinsic factor deficiency or malabsorption.
3. Vitamin B12 deficiency resulting from inadequate extrinsic factor:
The term "extrinsic factor" is not commonly used in the context of vitamin B12
deficiency. Vitamin B12 is derived from dietary sources such as meat, fish, and
dairy products. In the context of pernicious anemia, the issue is with the
intrinsic factor, which is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12.
Therefore, this option is not accurate for explaining the cause of pernicious
anemia.
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PhysiologyIntrinsic Factor in the gastric glands assists in the absorption of vitamin B12, which is essential for red blood cell formation and neurological function.
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OrthodonticsSOLUTION
Light and continuous
Use of continuous light force is recommended to be applied for adult group of patient rather than intermittent force as applied by removable appliance. This is because continuous forces are expected to bring about direct resorption of the root socket. They should hence not occlude more than a small percentage of blood vessels with in the periodontal ligament, not substantially interfere with their nutritional supply and little interference
with normal biologic functioning. In adult due to heavy force teeth may devitalize because the opening into the tooth (apical foramen) is smaller and blood vessels can be easily disrupted.