The initial step in surveying casts for an RPD is the establishment of guiding planes. These planes are essential for determining the path of insertion and removal of the denture, which in turn affects the overall stability and function of the prosthesis. Once the guiding planes are established, other steps such as identifying undercuts for retention and aesthetic considerations can be addressed.

The most constant and valuable trait to differentiate among maxillary first second and third molars is the depth of central fossae

Cisapride can cause QT prolongation when administered along with drugs like ketoconazole which inhibit hepatic cytochrome p-450 CYP 3A4 enzyme.

Porcelain binds to metal in metal ceramic restorations by mechanical interlocking and chemical bonding. Mechanical interlocking is provided by proper wetting of the metal surface by porcelain.
The adherent metallic oxides, which are formed during the degassing cycle form a good chemical bond with porcelain.
Tin oxide and Indium oxide are formed from precious metal alloys while chromium oxide is formed from base metal alloys.

Explanation: Increasing the VDO can lead to increased vertical clearance between the teeth, potentially causing them to click during function. This can also affect the patient's speech and the stability of the denture. It is important to carefully evaluate and adjust the VDO to minimize these issues.