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1 Community Dentistry

Clinical wastes in hospitals are to be disposed in which colour bags
1) Yellow
2) Black
3) Green
4) Red

Option 1

1) Yellow: This is often used for isolation wastes, such as those from patients with a communicable disease or from the isolation ward. It may also be used for trace chemotherapy waste.
2) Black: Typically used for non-infectious waste that is not recyclable, such as general waste from hospital areas not directly involved in patient care.
3) Green: This is commonly used for anatomical waste, which includes human tissues, organs, body parts, and animal carcasses used in research or treatment.
4) Red: As mentioned, is used for infectious or biohazardous waste that poses a risk of infection or disease transmission.

COLOR CODING FOR HOSPITAL WASTE

Color	Waste type	Examples
Yellow	Infectious clinical waste	Body fluids, medicines, clinical lab waste, and pharmaceutical waste
Red	Contaminated waste	Disposable items like catheters, syringes, and urine bags
White or translucent	Sharps waste	Needles, scalpels, and blades
Blue	Medical glassware waste	Broken, discarded, and contaminated glass
Purple	Cytotoxic and cytostatic waste	Materials contaminated with cytotoxic and cytostatic drugs
Yellow and black/tiger stripe	Offensive/hygiene waste	Nappies, sanitary waste, and colostomy bags

Option 2

Option 3

Option 4

2 Community Dentistry

Which of the following factors are considered for prescribing fluoride tablets for a child
1) Age and weight of the child
2) Age of child and fluoride content of water
3) Age of the child only
4) None of the above

Option 1

Option 2

Recommended Doses of Fluoride Tablets

For Children Aged 6 Months to 4 Years:

Liquid drops are typically prescribed in doses of 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg of fluoride ion.

For Children Aged 4 Years and Older:

Chewable tablets or lozenges are recommended, usually at doses of 0.5 mg to 1 mg of fluoride ion.

Adjustments Based on Water Fluoride Levels:

Doses may be adjusted based on the fluoride content in the child's drinking water to ensure adequate protection against dental caries.

Duration of Supplementation:

Fluoride supplementation is generally continued until the child reaches 16 years of age, depending on their fluoride exposure and dental health status.

Option 3

Option 4

3 Community Dentistry

The main site of absorption of ingested fluorides is
1) Esophagus
2) Stomach and small intestine
3) Small and large intestine
4) Large intestine

Option 1

Option 2

Fluoride is absorbed primarily in the gastrointestinal tract, with the stomach and small intestine being the main sites of absorption. The acidic environment of the stomach facilitates the dissolution of fluoride, allowing it to be absorbed effectively. While some absorption occurs in the large intestine, the majority takes place in the stomach and small intestine

Option 3

Option 4

4 Community Dentistry

The OHI-S index developed by Green and Vermillion is used to measure
1) Dental caries
2) Gingivitis
3) Oral debris and calculus
4) Periodontal disease

Option 1

Option 2

Option 3

The OHI-S (Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified) is a clinical index developed to assess oral hygiene status by measuring the amount of oral debris and calculus present on the teeth. It provides a simple and effective way to evaluate the cleanliness of the mouth and is widely used in dental research and practice.

Option 4

5 Community Dentistry

PMA is a symbol for a
1) Pulp capping material
2) Caries index
3) Periodontal index
4) Materia alba index

Option 1

Option 2

Option 3

PMA stands for "Periodontal Disease Index," which is used to assess the periodontal health of individuals. It evaluates the presence and severity of periodontal disease by measuring clinical parameters such as probing depth and attachment loss. The other options do not correspond to the PMA acronym.

Option 4

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