PMA stands for "Periodontal Disease Index," which is used to assess the periodontal health of individuals. It evaluates the presence and severity of periodontal disease by measuring clinical parameters such as probing depth and attachment loss. The other options do not correspond to the PMA acronym.

The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) is a tool used to assess oral hygiene status by evaluating specific tooth surfaces. The teeth mentioned in option 1 include the lingual surfaces of the lower first molars (36, 46) and the facial surfaces of the upper incisors and canines (11, 16, 26, 31). These surfaces are typically assessed because they are representative of overall oral hygiene and are commonly affected by plaque accumulation.

Recommended Doses of Fluoride Tablets

For Children Aged 6 Months to 4 Years:

• Liquid drops are typically prescribed in doses of 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg of fluoride ion.

For Children Aged 4 Years and Older:

• Chewable tablets or lozenges are recommended, usually at doses of 0.5 mg to 1 mg of fluoride ion.

Adjustments Based on Water Fluoride Levels:

• Doses may be adjusted based on the fluoride content in the child's drinking water to ensure adequate protection against dental caries.

Duration of Supplementation:

• Fluoride supplementation is generally continued until the child reaches 16 years of age, depending on their fluoride exposure and dental health status.

"Sullage" refers specifically to the waste water generated from sinks, baths, and kitchens that does not contain human waste. "Sewage" includes waste that may contain pathogens and is typically discharged from toilets. Thus, kitchen waste water is more accurately described as sullage.

Patient records, including dental X-ray films, are typically the property of the dentist who created them. The dentist is responsible for maintaining, storing, and safeguarding these records according to legal and professional standards. However, patients do have the right to access and obtain copies of their records.