Cobalt is the alloying element that decreases the hardenability of steel, but it can still sustain hardness during tempering

The characteristic translucency of the incisal portion of natural teeth, is achieved in porcelain restorations by the addition of enamel porcelain

To impart a hardening heat treatment to a dental gold alloy, the best method is to Reheat to 450°C and cool uniformly to 250°C over a period of 15 to 30 minutes
Reheating the casting to 450°C and then allowing it to cool uniformly to 250°C over 15 to 30 minutes is a method known as "solution annealing." This process is indeed used to harden dental gold alloys. Solution annealing involves heating the alloy to a temperature where the primary phase (usually gold) goes into solution with the secondary phase (typically a harder metal like palladium, silver, or copper). This creates a homogeneous structure that, when cooled slowly, leads to the precipitation of the secondary phase and subsequent hardening.

Water interferes with chemical adhesion of the polycarboxylate cement to enamel

Ferrite and austenite are soft and ductile