NEET MDS Shorts
624351
PhysiologyThe hypothalamus produces GnRH, which stimulates the anterior pituitary to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). FSH is essential for the maturation of spermatogonia into primary spermatocytes, while LH acts on Leydig cells to produce testosterone, which is critical for the later stages of spermatogenesis and sperm maturation.
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Microbiology
Lactobacillus is an acidogenic genus found in deep dental caries, that often increases significantly in
the saliva during periods of caries activity
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Public Health DentistryThe CPITN (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs) probe has a
ball-ended periodontal probe with a diameter of 0.5 mm. The markings at 3.5,
5.5, 8.5, and 11 mm are used to assess the depth of the periodontal pockets in
the gingival sulcus. This probe is designed to evaluate the periodontal health
and treatment needs of a community and is commonly used in epidemiological
studies.
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PeriodonticsA suturing needle used in periodontal surgery should have a swedged suture needle.
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BiochemistryThe enzyme phosphatidate phosphatase converts phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol during synthesis of triacylglycerides.
The function of adipose tissue is the storage of fatty acids as triacylglycerols in times of plenty and the release of fatty acids during times of fasting or starvation.
Fatty acids taken in by adipocytes are stored by esterification to glycerol-3-phosphate. Glycerol-3-phosphate is derived almost entirely from the glycolytic intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate through the action of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Glycolytic enzymes are active in adipocytes during triglyceride synthesis, but those of glycogen degradation (low levels in adipocytes) and gluconeogenesis (ie, glucose-6-phosphatase) are not.
Glycerol kinase is not present to any great extent in adipocytes, so that glycerol freed during lipolysis is not used to reesterify the fatty acids being released.
The enzyme triacylglyceride lipase is turned on by phosphorylation by a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase following epinephrine stimulation.
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PhysiologyIn the sympathetic nervous system, the pre-to-post ganglionic fiber ratio of 1:20 to 1:100 indicates that there are fewer postganglionic fibers than preganglionic fibers. This ratio suggests that each preganglionic neuron synapses with multiple postganglionic neurons, thereby amplifying the sympathetic response to a given input.
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PhysiologyAnswer: 1) Activation of glycogen phosphorylase by epinephrineExplanation: Epinephrine acts on the beta-adrenergic receptors of liver and muscle cells, which activate protein kinase. This kinase then phosphorylates and activates glycogen phosphorylase, an enzyme that breaks down glycogen into glucose-1-phosphate, which is rapidly converted to glucose-6-phosphate for use in glycolysis or for release into the bloodstream to maintain glucose levels during stress.
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ProsthodonticsA patient wants a new set of CD. The present set which he is wearing now is loose. Examination revealed papillary hyperplasia of the palate. The first thing you would like to do is use tissue conditioners on the maxillary denture for the abused tissue.