NEET MDS Shorts
489055
Dental MaterialsThe pH is mentioned to be around 2.8 after 3 minutes, which indicates an acidic nature initially.
891186
PhysiologyPepsin is the primary enzyme responsible for the breakdown of proteins in the stomach during the gastric phase of digestion. It is secreted as pepsinogen by the chief cells of the gastric mucosa and is activated by hydrochloric acid to become pepsin.
699905
PhysiologyThe question contains an error. The terms autocrine, paracrine, endocrine, and synaptic are not types of action potential propagation. Instead, they describe different modes of hormonal or neuronal signaling. Action potentials are propagated along axons without any of these specific types of interactions.
767907
General MedicineChronic lymphocytic leukemia is characterized by the accumulation of mature-looking but functionally incompetent lymphocytes in the blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid tissues. Common physical examination findings include splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and hepatomegaly due to infiltration by leukemic cells.
795742
Oral MedicineEchinococcosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larvae of Echinococcus granulosus. The most common site for these larvae to form cysts is the liver.
417247
RadiologyTo change from the long scale contrast film technique to a short scale contrast film technique while maintaining the same density, decrease the kVp and increase the mA.
805037
Conservative DentistryProximal carious lesions often appear smaller on radiographs than they are
clinically due to the limitations of radiographic imaging.
934032
PathologyThe correct answer is: 1. Progression vascularization invasion
detachment embolization.
Explanation of the stages for a malignant tumor cell:
1. Progression: This is the initial stage of tumor development where the cells
acquire the ability to proliferate in an uncontrolled manner. This can be due to
genetic mutations that alter the normal regulatory mechanisms that control cell
division. The tumor grows locally within the tissue or organ of origin.
2. Vascularization: Also known as angiogenesis, this stage involves the
formation of new blood vessels that supply the tumor with nutrients and oxygen,
which is essential for its continued growth and progression. The tumor cells
secrete factors that stimulate the growth of blood vessels into the tumor mass.
3. Invasion: The malignant tumor cells develop the capability to invade
surrounding tissues. They secrete enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix
and basement membrane, allowing them to move through these barriers and invade
neighboring tissues and organs.
4. Detachment: During this stage, tumor cells detach from the primary tumor
site. This is facilitated by the loss of cell-to-cell adhesion molecules and the
degradation of the extracellular matrix by proteolytic enzymes.
5. Embolization: Detached tumor cells can then enter the lymphatic system or
bloodstream. This process is known as intravasation. They travel through these
vessels as emboli and can potentially form new tumors at distant sites, which is
the process of metastasis.