51229

Cells die by one of two mechanisms – necrosis or apoptosis • Two physiologically different processes – Necrosis – death by injury – Apoptosis – death by suicide Appoptosis: Disintegration of cells into membrane-bound particles that are then eliminated by phagocytosis or by shedding.

21160

A thin radiopaque line running around the curvature of the root in IOPA is lamina dura.

38496

Is a TCA- block neuronal uptake of noradrenaline and serotonin. and thus increase its conc. at synapse. they also block muscarinic, histaminergic, and adrenergic receptor

98315

The reciprocal clasp arm is designed to counteract the forces exerted by the retentive clasp arm during insertion and removal of a removable partial denture (RPD).

16839

If a laterally positioned flap is not properly designed or secured, it can lead to complications such as tearing or failing to fully cover the dehiscence, potentially causing a new dehiscence at the donor site.

29362

Dietary fluoride supplements are generally recommended for children living in areas with low water fluoridation. The indication usually stops once the child is older than 13 years since permanent teeth are fully erupted and matured. Therefore supplements are NOT indicated above 13 years.

43074

Bioactive glass is a synthetic material typically composed of silicon dioxide , sodium oxide , calcium oxide , and phosphorus pentoxide. These components are in the form of salts of sodium and calcium, silicon dioxide, and phosphates. Hydroxyapatite  is a natural mineral found in bones and teeth, and it is the material that the body forms on the surface of the bioactive glass when it is implanted, rather than a component of the original synthetic glass itself.

10363

The symptoms of slight fever, loss of weight, sore throat, and swollen, stiff, and painful extremity joints in a 13-year-old boy are characteristic of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), which is also known as juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the joints.

75537

81363

The untrue statement about gutta-percha is that it is indicated in fine canals. Actually: 1) Gutta-percha IS compatible with post preparation, 2) It is NOT ideal for fine canals - silver points or paste fillers work better in very narrow canals, 3) Major composition includes gutta-percha (20%), zinc oxide (66%), waxes and resins, NOT zinc oxide eugenol, 4) It DOES shrink slightly after obturation due to cooling. Fine, calcified canals are difficult to obturate with gutta-percha cones due to size limitations, making other materials more suitable for such cases.