NEET MDS Shorts
31696
Pharmacology
Carbonic anhydrase is found in erythrocytes, kidney, gut, ciliary body, choroid plexus, and glial cells.
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are used primarily as probes for studying renal transport mechanisms and in the treatment of glaucoma
When used to treat glaucoma, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors diminish the transport of HCO3 - and Na+ by the ciliary process, which limits intraocular pressure.
This reduces the formation of aqueous humor by up to 50%, thereby reducing the intraocular pressure. These agents can also limit CSF and endolymph formation.
22958
Pharmacology
Oprelvekin (Interleukin 11) is the only agent approved by the FDA for treatment of thrombocytopenia secondary to myelosuppressive cancer chemotherapy
Filgrastim (G-CSF) and Sargramostim (GM-SCF) are used in the treatment of neutropenia
Erythropoietin is used in treatment of anemia
14347
Pharmacology
Liposomal delivery systems decrease the amount of free drug in the blood Infected cells interact with the liposomes, resulting in the release of amphotericin B at the site of action.
60287
PharmacologyCompetitive antagonists bind to receptors but do not activate them, meaning they have no intrinsic activity. They have affinity for the receptor, allowing them to compete with agonists for binding.
50099
Pharmacology
Beta-blockers, such as propranolol, labetalol, and pindolol, can have membrane stabilizing effects (eg, quinidinelike effects, Vaughan-Williams class I antiarrhythmic effects). This property, usually not evident with therapeutic doses, may significantly contribute to toxicity by prolonging QRS duration and impairing cardiac conduction. Seizures are more commonly observed in the drugs with quinidinelike membrane stabilizing effects.
91740
Pharmacology
Expectorants (Mucokinetics)
(a) Bronchial secretion enhancers : Sodium or Potassium citrate, Potassium iodide, Guaiphenesin (Glyceryl guaiacolate), balsum of Tolu, Vasaka, Ammonium chloride.
(b) Mucolytics: Bromhexine Ambroxol Acetyl cysteine Carbocisteine
68310
Pharmacology
Diuretics increase sodium loss in urine and increase lithium retention. Hence they should not be used in patients on Lithium.
31161
Pharmacology
CTZ rich in D2 and 5HT receptors
35532
Pharmacology
Ethosuximide is the drug of choice for treatment of absence seizures. Other drugs used in the management of absence seizures are valproic acid, lamotrigine and clonazepam.
39863
Pharmacology
Local anesthetic action, also known as "membrane-stabilizing" action, is a prominent effect of several -blockers Acebutolol, Labetalol, Pindolol Propranolol.
This action is the result of typical local anesthetic blockade of sodium channels and can be demonstrated experimentally in isolated neurons, heart muscle, and skeletal muscle membrane.