NEET MDS Shorts
35184
PharmacologyThe administration of penicillin G along with probenacid results in decreased renal excretion of penicillin G
0
Pharmacology
Zidovudine (AZT) commonly causes dose-dependent bone marrow suppression, resulting in anemia and neutropenia. Regular monitoring of complete blood counts is recommended during therapy. Other adverse effects include myopathy, headache, gastrointestinal disturbances, and, less commonly, lactic acidosis due to mitochondrial toxicity.
0
Pharmacology
NNRTIs such as efavirenz, nevirapine, and etravirine bind allosterically to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase rather than the active site. This induces a conformational change that inhibits enzyme activity, preventing conversion of viral RNA into DNA. Unlike nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), NNRTIs do not require intracellular phosphorylation for activation.
0
Pharmacology
First-generation antihistamines readily cross the blood-brain barrier and block central H1 receptors, resulting in sedation, drowsiness, impaired concentration, and decreased psychomotor performance. This sedative effect limits their use in patients who drive or operate machinery.
61754
Pharmacology
Cephalosporins with antipseudomonal action:
Cefoperazone Ceftazidime
15337
Pharmacology
Status asthmaticus/Refractory asthma Any patient of asthma is susceptible to develop acute severe asthma which may be life-threatening. Upper respiratory tract infection is the most common precipitant. (i) Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate 100 mg (or equivalent dose of another glucocorticoid) i.v. stat, followed by 100-200 mg 4-8 hourly infusion; may take upto 6 hours to act. (ii) Nebulized salbutamol (2.5-5 mg) + ipratropium bromide (0.5 mg) intermittent inhalations driven by O2 . (iii) High flow humidified oxygen inhalation (iv) Salbutamol/terbutaline 0.4 mg i.m./s.c. may be added since inhaled drug might not get to smaller bronchi owing to severe narrowing/plugging with secretions (v) Intubation and mechanical ventilation if needed (vi) intensive antibiotic therapy to be used for treating chest infection (vii) Treat dehydration and acidosis with saline + sod. Bicarbonate/lactate infusion.
35532
Pharmacology
Ethosuximide is the drug of choice for treatment of absence seizures. Other drugs used in the management of absence seizures are valproic acid, lamotrigine and clonazepam.
50432
Pharmacology
Methemoglobinemia is a condition in which the iron within hemoglobin is oxidized from the ferrous (Fe2+) state to the ferric (Fe3+) state, resulting in the inability to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. Clinically, this condition causes cyanosis, often posing a diagnostic dilemma
usually results from exposure to oxidizing substances (such as nitrates or nitrites, aniline dyes, or medications, including lidocaine, prilocaine, phenazopyridine hydrochloride (Pyridium], and others)
34789
Pharmacology
Isoproterenol is used in the management of bronchospasm during anesthesia; adjunctive treatment for shock.
31307
Pharmacology
Pyridoxine – drug interactions : INH – induces a pyridoxine deficiency state
Levodopa – pyridoxine promotes peripheral conversion of levodopa to dopamine – thus it decreases therapeutic action of levodopa in the brain
Oral contraceptive pills – decrease pyridoxine levels in some females
Hydralazine – impairment of pyridoxine utilisation
4-deoxy pyridoxine – pyridoxine antagonist