NEET MDS Shorts
88161
Physiology
The glomerular filtration barrier is a three-layered structure composed of endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries, the basement membrane, and the podocytes (visceral epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule). These layers work together to filter blood, allowing small molecules to pass into the nephron while retaining larger ones.
63070
Physiology
Ponto-genital occipital spikes, or PGO waves, are characteristic of REM sleep and are thought to be associated with the onset of dreaming, as they often coincide with rapid eye movement and increased brain activity during this phase.
52341
PhysiologyThe intestinal phase plays a minor role in stimulating gastric secretion. However, it is crucial for inhibiting gastric secretion and motility once food enters the duodenum. Factors such as acidity, fatty acids, and osmolality of the duodenal contents trigger the release of hormones like secretin and cholecystokinin, which in turn inhibit gastric acid secretion.
13138
PhysiologyWhen the corpus luteum regresses during the menstrual cycle, it stops secreting estrogen and progesterone, leading to the shedding of the uterine lining.
76237
Physiology
Oxytocin causes contraction of the myoepithelial cells surrounding the mammary alveoli, which presses milk into the larger ducts and leads to the milk let-down reflex. This is essential for milk ejection during lactation.
46226
Physiology
The increased pulse rate and blood pressure during REM sleep are associated with the heightened brain activity and autonomic system arousal that occurs during this phase of sleep, despite the presence of muscular atonia.
91253
Physiology
The cholinergic system, which is part of the parasympathetic nervous system, stimulates the parietal cells in the stomach to release hydrochloric acid (HCL) through the activation of muscarinic M1 receptors. This is crucial for the digestion of food and the maintenance of gastric pH.
17077
PhysiologyDeoxycholic acid is a secondary bile acid formed by bacterial conversion of cholic acid in the colon.
31212
Physiology
A lesion in Broca's area leads to motor aphasia, also known as Broca's aphasia or expressive aphasia. This type of aphasia is characterized by difficulty in producing speech, particularly with grammatical errors and reduced vocabulary. Understanding of language is usually preserved, but the ability to form coherent sentences is impaired.
56918
Physiology
Delta waves are high-amplitude, low-frequency brain waves that are most prominent during the deepest stage of NREM sleep, which is Stage 3 NREM, indicating deep sleep.