NEET MDS Shorts
90616
PathologyTesticular torsion is the most likely diagnosis for sudden onset of severe pain and swelling in the testicle.
49048
PathologyAll of the listed conditions (leukoplakia, solar keratosis, and margins of long-standing draining sinuses) are known precursors to squamous cell carcinoma.
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Pathology
Correct answer: B) Hemophilia A causes deep tissue and joint bleeds (hemarthroses) that can lead to progressive, crippling joint deformity; petechiae are characteristically absent because platelet function is normal. Diagnosis is confirmed by a prolonged PTT that corrects on mixing with normal plasma, followed by specific factor VIII assay.
87336
PathologyDiverticulitis is characterized by left lower quadrant pain, fever, and leukocytosis, especially in elderly patients.
61474
PathologyThe symptoms described, including low serum calcium and high serum phosphate, are indicative of primary hypoparathyroidism, which can occur after the removal of parathyroid glands.
77020
PathologyThe size of red blood cells is measured by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), which indicates the average volume of a red blood cell.
46754
PathologyMucosal neuromas are not a characteristic of MEN IIA; they are associated with MEN IIB.
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Pathology
Correct answer: C) Karyotyping requires cells capable of division, arrested in metaphase, when chromosomes are maximally condensed and can be examined for numeric (aneuploidy, polyploidy) and structural (translocation, deletion, inversion) abnormalities.
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Pathology
Correct answer: B) Primary (AL) amyloidosis results from a plasma cell clone producing excess monoclonal light chains (usually lambda) that are partially degraded into insoluble AL fibrils — it is the most common type of systemic amyloidosis and is associated with plasma cell dyscrasias like multiple myeloma.
11026
PathologyTay-Sachs disease is characterized by a deficiency of hexosaminidase A, leading to neurodegeneration, mental retardation, and blindness in affected infants.