NEET MDS Shorts
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Oral PathologyThe most likely diagnosis for the child is Hand-Schuller-Christian disease, which can cause chronic bedwetting and dental issues.
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INI CET
Flexibility of an orthodontic wire is directly proportional to its length and the interbracket distance. Flexibility is inversely proportional to the cross-section diameter/area. Bracket prescription refers to the angles built into the brackets themselves and does not directly influence the inherent flexibility of the wire material.
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Dental Materials
Sodium chloride is an accelerator up to about 2% of the hemihydrates, but at a higher concentration, it acts as a retarder. Sodium sulphate has its maximum acceleration effect at approximately 3.4%; at greater concentrations, it becomes a retarder. Citrates. acetates and borates generally retard the reaction.
The most commonly used accelerator is potassium sulphate. It is particularly effective in concentrations higher than 2% since the reaction product. which seems to be syngenite (K,Ca[SO4].H1O) crystallizes rapidly. Many soluble sulphates act as accelerators, whereas powdered gypsum (calcium sulphate dehydrate) accelerates the setting rate, because the
particles act as nuclei of crystallization.
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PathologyEpitheloid cells are a hallmark of granulomatous inflammation, which occurs in response to certain chronic infections (like tuberculosis), autoimmune diseases, and foreign body reactions. In granulomas, epitheloid cells aggregate to form a protective wall around the irritant.
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Oral Medicine
Rifampicin is a first-line drug for the treatment of tuberculous meningitis. It has excellent penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid and is bactericidal. Isoniazid and ethambutol are also commonly used as part of a multi-drug regimen, but rifampicin is particularly important due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier effectively and its rapid bactericidal activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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PedodonticsThe double flare technique is best suited for preparing fine and curved canals.
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Dental Anatomy
The primary teeth begin to form in utero at about six weeks. Hard tissue
formation occurs in all primary teeth by the 18th week in utero. 3. The
permanent teeth begin to develop at approximately four months of age in utero.
Maxillary and mandibular first molars begin to calcify at birth.
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Oral Medicine
Phenytoin, cyclosporine, and nifedipine are well-known medications that can
cause gingival enlargement (gingival hyperplasia or gingival changes) as a side
effect.
Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant used to treat epilepsy.
Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant used to prevent organ rejection in
transplant patients and to treat autoimmune diseases.
Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker used to treat high blood pressure and
angina.
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General MicrobiologyWhile recombinant hepatitis B vaccines are produced using various methods, cloning the HBsAg gene in E. coli is not one of them. Instead, the gene is typically cloned in yeast or insect cells to produce the surface antigen for the vaccine.
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Dental Materials
The essential ingredients of the dental inlay investment employed with the conventional gold casting alloys are a-hemihydrate of gypsum, quartz, or cristobalite, which are allotropic forms of silica.