57265

An oral screen is designed to encourage nasal breathing by blocking oral airflow and redirecting it through the nose.

32431

The least involved furcation is seen in the maxillary first premolar.

78797

Chronic hepatitis, often caused by viral infections such as hepatitis B and C, can persist for years and may lead to chronic inflammation, liver fibrosis, and in some cases, cirrhosis or liver cancer.

44463

The World Health Organization (WHO) index for fluorosis is based on Dean's index, which is a widely used classification system for assessing the severity of dental fluorosis.

74192

Slow progression in molar uprighting can occur if the occlusion is not adequately relieved. If the opposing teeth are still in contact, it can hinder the movement of the molar being uprighted.

98103

15223

Calcium ions in calcific bridges formed after calcium hydroxide treatment come from the blood supply through the remaining vital pulp tissue, not from the calcium hydroxide itself or surrounding dentin.

50399

When extracting a maxillary second molar, especially one that is an abutment and potentially has roots close to the maxillary sinus floor, there is a risk of complications related to the sinus. The most significant and direct risk among the options provided is the fracture and removal of the floor of the maxillary sinus along with the tooth due to the close anatomical relationship. Displacement of a root is also a risk, but the entire floor coming away with the tooth is a more severe potential complication related to the structural integrity. Alveolar osteitis (dry socket) is a post-extraction healing complication, not an immediate surgical one related to the sinus. Displacement of a tooth into the masseteric space is a risk for mandibular extractions, not maxillary ones.

41688

Light-cured glass ionomer has a fracture toughness of 1.37 MPa.m%, which is higher than the other listed materials.

90080

Home bleach is also called walking bleach, specifically referring to the technique used for non-vital teeth where bleaching agent is sealed inside the tooth and the patient "walks around" with it between appointments. The walking bleach technique involves: 1) Placing sodium perborate or hydrogen peroxide inside the pulp chamber, 2) Sealing the access cavity with temporary restoration, 3) Patient returns after 3-7 days for evaluation, 4) Process repeated until desired shade is achieved. This differs from thermocatalytic and power bleach which are in-office techniques.