74037

Conventional composites have a filler particle size of 8-12 µm. Microfilled composites have smaller particles (0.04-0.4 µm), small particle composites have intermediate sizes (1-5 µm), and hybrid composites have even smaller sizes (0.1-0.01 µm).

54704

The distance between junctional epithelium and alveolar bone remains constant with age.

70056

A chondromyxoid fibroma is a rare, benign bone tumor that typically causes pain as its most prominent clinical symptom. The other options listed are generally associated with little to no pain. A myxoma is usually painless. A torus palatinus and an osteoma are typically slow-growing, hard, bony growths that are asymptomatic unless they interfere with function or are traumatized.

51229

Cells die by one of two mechanisms – necrosis or apoptosis • Two physiologically different processes – Necrosis – death by injury – Apoptosis – death by suicide Appoptosis: Disintegration of cells into membrane-bound particles that are then eliminated by phagocytosis or by shedding.

20791

Distal oblique projection is best for determining the anterior-posterior extent of ameloblastoma in the mandibular molar area. This view provides a clear visualization of the mandibular body and ramus relationship, showing the true extent of lesions in the anteroposterior dimension.

47798

Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the diet, which are critical for bone formation and maintenance. It also plays roles in muscle function and immune system regulation, but its primary function is in the skeletal system.

64459

An antibioma is a localized mass of granulation tissue that forms in response to the presence of antibiotics, often as a result of an infection. It is not a tumor in the traditional sense but rather a reactive tissue response to the antibiotic treatment.

90692

A cementoblastoma typically presents as a central radiopaque mass surrounded by a radiolucent halo on a radiograph. This appearance is due to the formation of cementum-like tissue (radiopaque) which is encapsulated by a thin layer of connective tissue (radiolucent halo).

 Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia progresses from radiolucent to mixed to radiopaque over time. 

Complex odontoma is a mass of disorganized dental tissues and usually lacks a distinct, uniform radiolucent halo.

 Condensing osteitis is a localized area of bone sclerosis but does not have a distinct radiolucent halo.

12902

Knoop hardness test - Diamond of rhombic shape (The long axis of indentotion is measured)
Vickers (Diamond pyramid test) - Diamond of square base shape (The diagonal length of the indentation is measured)
Rockwell  - Diamond of conical shape (The penetration depth is measured)
Brinells  - Steel ball (The diameter of indentation is measured)

26441

Oral lichenoid reactions often exhibit a deeper, more diffuse inflammatory infiltrate compared to oral lichen planus, where the infiltrate is typically band-like and confined to the superficial lamina propria. Other features like Wickham striae and liquefaction degeneration of the basal layer are common to both conditions.