69371

Crowding that occurs after age 18 is typically the result of physiological maturational changes.
Explanation: Dental crowding is a common malocclusion where teeth do not have enough space to align properly in the dental arch. After the age of 18, most of the facial growth has concluded, and the teeth are fully erupted. If crowding occurs at this stage, it is most likely due to physiological maturational changes, such as the natural movement of teeth or the eruption of third molars (wisdom teeth). Impacted third molars are another potential cause of late crowding, but the question specifies that the crowding is not due to them. Orthodontic relapse is a possibility if the individual had prior orthodontic treatment, but without that context, the most likely cause for new crowding in adulthood is the natural shifting of teeth over time or the late eruption of wisdom teeth. Periodontal disease can affect tooth positioning, but it does not directly cause crowding.

96375

During cavity preparation, the incidence of pulpal exposure is higher in class V cavities on first premolars due to the proximity of the margins to the pulp horns.

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64065

Cholecystokinin is a hormone secreted by the mucosa of the upper intestine in response to the presence of food, particularly proteins and fats. One of its key functions is to stimulate the contraction of the gallbladder and relax the sphincter of Oddi, facilitating the release of bile and pancreatic enzymes into the duodenum to aid in digestion.

62277

Sclera icterus occurs when serum bilirubin levels are at least 51 ?mol/L (3.0 mg/dL), indicating jaundice.

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The parasympathetic fibers to pterygopalatine ganglion come from greater petrosal nerve

40110

Dilantin therapy (Phenytoin) 

57796

1. It is associated with platelet-specific autoantibodies: This statement is true. ITP is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies that specifically target and destroy platelets, leading to thrombocytopenia (low platelet count).

2. It causes a prolonged bleeding time: This statement is true. In ITP, the low platelet count results in a prolonged bleeding time, as there are fewer platelets available to form a clot.

3. It is often controllable by immunosuppressive treatment: This statement is true. ITP can often be managed with immunosuppressive therapies, such as corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), or other immunosuppressive agents, to help increase platelet counts.

4. It causes more prolonged hemorrhage than hemophilia: This statement is not true. While both ITP and hemophilia can lead to bleeding, the mechanisms are different. Hemophilia is a clotting factor deficiency, which can lead to more severe and prolonged bleeding episodes, especially after trauma or surgery. In contrast, ITP primarily affects the number of platelets rather than the clotting factors. Therefore, the bleeding in hemophilia can be more severe and prolonged compared to that in ITP.

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Elevated alkaline phosphatase levels are often used as a marker for increased bone turnover, which is prominent in both Paget's disease and fibrous dysplasia.

60666

Allergy to costume jewelry usually implies Nickel sensitivity. Ni-Cr alloys should be avoided.