NEET MDS Shorts
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NEETMDS
Secondary prevention involves early detection and prompt treatment to halt the disease process, such as a pulpotomy to prevent further progression.
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Physiology
The C-peptide is removed during the conversion of proinsulin to insulin and does not have a known biological function. Its primary purpose is to hold the A and B chains of proinsulin together during synthesis.
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General PathologyChronic antral (type 2) gastritis is most commonly associated with Helicobacter pylori infection.
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RadiologyThe "step ladders" effect in PA views of the skull is found in sickle cell anaemia.
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PhysiologyThe transport maximum for glucose reabsorption in the kidneys is about 375 mg/min, which indicates the maximum amount of glucose that can be reabsorbed before it appears in the urine.
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ProsthodonticsCross Arch Stabilization: RPDs provide cross arch stabilization by distributing the forces of mastication more evenly across the remaining natural teeth and the edentulous (toothless) regions of the arches. This is particularly beneficial when there are missing teeth on both sides of the mouth. An RPD connects to the teeth on both sides of the mouth, which helps maintain the alignment and stability of the remaining dentition. In contrast, a fixed bridge typically relies on the adjacent natural teeth for support, which can result in increased load and stress on these abutment teeth. This additional stress can potentially lead to issues such as tooth decay, root fracture, or periodontal disease if not managed properly.
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Oral Medicine
Phenytoin, cyclosporine, and nifedipine are well-known medications that can
cause gingival enlargement (gingival hyperplasia or gingival changes) as a side
effect.
Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant used to treat epilepsy.
Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant used to prevent organ rejection in
transplant patients and to treat autoimmune diseases.
Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker used to treat high blood pressure and
angina.
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General PathologyFibrin degradation products increase in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) due to the breakdown of fibrin clots.
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Oral PathologyMuscular overextension and overcontraction is the primary causative factor for MPDS. This occurs due to parafunctional habits (bruxism, clenching), stress, malocclusion, or postural problems leading to muscle fatigue, spasm, and pain. The cycle of muscle tension, pain, and further spasm perpetuates the condition. Infratemporal space infection, auriculotemporal neuritis, and otitis media are not primary causes of MPDS.
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EndodonticsStabilization of avulsed tooth requires 1-2 weeks of splinting. This short period is recommended because: 1) Brief splinting allows periodontal ligament healing without ankylosis, 2) Extended splinting (>2 weeks) increases risk of replacement resorption and ankylosis, 3) Early mobilization promotes functional healing of periodontal ligament fibers, 4) Studies show optimal healing occurs with flexible splinting for 7-14 days, 5) Longer periods compromise the natural healing process and increase complications. Rigid or prolonged splinting should be avoided.