93421

The chronic non-healing nature of the ulcer and its location on the lower leg in an individual with a history of alcoholism are more consistent with a neuropathic ulcer. Neuropathy due to chronic alcohol use can lead to loss of protective sensation and poor blood supply, resulting in these types of ulcers.

48238

Cholic acid is NOT a secondary bile acid; it is a primary bile acid synthesized in the liver from cholesterol.

42592

The following features may raise the suspicion of TB: persistent cough, spontaneous pneumothorax, and haemoptysis

94112

the foramen ovale and foramen rotundum are both openings in the sphenoid bone. The foramen ovale is located posterior and lateral to the foramen rotundum. The foramen rotundum transmits the maxillary nerve (V2), while the foramen ovale transmits the mandibular nerve (V3) and the accessory meningeal artery.

95015

Penumbra in a processed film is related to all of the above: magnification, sharpness of image, detail of the image.

50737

Accelerated periodontal diseases is not a complication of irradiation of the mouth.

49017

At high altitudes, lower partial pressure of oxygen triggers hyperventilation to increase oxygen intake. This excessive breathing causes a rapid loss of CO2, leading to an initial state of respiratory alkalosis.

67819

Incision and drainage of an abscess in the buccal vestibule near the lower right first molar requires careful consideration of nearby anatomical structures. The facial artery is a major branch of the external carotid artery that crosses the lower border of the mandible and runs superiorly and anteriorly across the face. This artery is in the region where an incision would be made and must be avoided to prevent significant bleeding.

17596

Sigurd Ramfjord introduced the Periodontal Disease Index a clinical tool that used a periodontal probe , with marks at 3, 6 and 8 mm, to measure the distance from the cemento–enamel junction to the bottom of the pocket (i.e. attachment loss) Ramfjord recommended the assessment of six ‘index teeth’ that soon became known as the ‘Ramfjord teeth’ These teeth were: maxillary right first molar (tooth 16), maxillary left central incisor (tooth 11), maxillary left first bicuspid (tooth 24), mandibular left first molar (tooth 36), mandibular right central incisor (tooth 41) and mandibular right first bicuspid (tooth 44).

84919