NEET MDS Shorts
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Biochemistry
Pyruvate carboxylase is a mitochondrial, biotin-dependent enzyme catalyzing the first step of gluconeogenesis. It is activated by acetyl-CoA.
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General MicrobiologyThe Paul-Bunnel test is a classic heterophile antibody test used to diagnose infectious mononucleosis, primarily caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It detects heterophile antibodies that are typically present in patients with this condition. While ELISA and other tests can also be used, the Paul-Bunnel test is historically significant and widely recognized for this diagnosis.
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Pharmacology
Dimercaprol (British antilewisite; BAL) 1. Poisoning by As, Hg, Au, Bi, Ni, Sb: it is administered i.m., 5 mg/kg stat, followed by 2-3 mg/kg every 4 – 8 hours for 2 days, then once or twice a day for 10 days. It is partly oxidized and glucuronide conjugated, but mainly excreted as such in 4 – 6 hours. Earlier the treatment is instituted, the better it is. Because the dimercaprolmetal complex dissociates faster in acidic urine and the released metal can damage the kidney, urine is alkalinized during dimercaprol therapy. 2. As an adjuvant to Cal. Disod. Edentate in lead poisoning. 3. As an adjuvant to penicillamine in Cu poisoning and in Wilson’s disease – 300 mg/day i.m. for 10 days every second month. It is contraindicated in iron and cadmium poisoning, because the dimercaprol-Fe and dimercaprol-Cd complex is itself toxic.
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Oral PathologyPaget's disease is the most likely underlying cause for gradual loss of visual acuity and hearing power in a 50-year-old man.
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ProsthodonticsThe initial step in surveying casts for an RPD is the establishment of guiding planes. These planes are essential for determining the path of insertion and removal of the denture, which in turn affects the overall stability and function of the prosthesis. Once the guiding planes are established, other steps such as identifying undercuts for retention and aesthetic considerations can be addressed.
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Dental Materials
Lining materials must have a minimum compressive strength of 5 MPa to withstand the forces in the oral cavity.
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Periodontics
Tetracycline is often prescribed for juvenile periodontitis (also known as aggressive periodontitis) due to its effectiveness against the specific bacteria involved in the condition, such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.
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Anatomy
A right hypoglossal nerve lesion weakens the right genioglossus. The normal left genioglossus pushes the protruded tongue toward the paralyzed right side.
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INI CET
Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia predominantly affects middle-aged to older black females, evidencing a strong gender and racial predilection. Statistics show that over 90% of cases occur in females, with a significant majority being of African descent.
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Physiology
The gastrocolic reflex is a physiological response where the distension of the stomach by food initiates contractions in the rectum, often leading to the urge to defecate.