NEET MDS Shorts
55614
Oral Medicine
Phenytoin, cyclosporine, and nifedipine are well-known medications that can
cause gingival enlargement (gingival hyperplasia or gingival changes) as a side
effect.
Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant used to treat epilepsy.
Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant used to prevent organ rejection in
transplant patients and to treat autoimmune diseases.
Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker used to treat high blood pressure and
angina.
94689
General Medicine
The initial activation of vitamin D3 begins with its synthesis from 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin when exposed to UV light.
26211
EndodonticsWhen moderate extrusion of obturating material and sealer beyond the apex occurs, it is undesirable for several reasons. While it does not necessarily mean the prognosis is poor, there is a higher likelihood of postoperative discomfort due to the potential for chemical irritation of the periapical tissues. Additionally, if the sealer is not resorbed, it may cause a foreign body reaction, and gutta-percha extrusion can sometimes lead to severe periradicular reactions. The best approach in such a case is to obturate the remaining canal up to the point of obstruction and observe the patient's symptoms and healing response.
92339
General Medicine
Parahemophilia is a congenital deficiency of factor V, which is less severe than Hemophilia A or B. It leads to a mild bleeding diathesis. Factor XII deficiency is associated with Hageman trait, which typically does not cause a significant bleeding tendency.
35990
Conservative DentistryThe process of condensation (compaction) of gold foil in dentistry involves cold-welding layers of gold to build a solid restoration. As the gold is compacted, a phenomenon known as work hardening occurs, which increases the material's hardness and strength.
56321
Oral SurgeryHilton's method is a surgical technique primarily used for the drainage of abscesses. This method involves creating an incision to allow the pus to escape, thereby relieving pressure and promoting healing.
85414
EndodonticsIn endodontics, files are numbered according to their size, with smaller numbers indicating larger files. The smallest file commonly used is size 6.
55934
RadiologyInternal derangement of the TMJ can be best diagnosed by MRI.
79450
General Medicine
Digoxin is a positive inotrope, hence it increases the force of myocardial contraction and may be effective in heart failure. It is a cardiac glycoside, which reduces the conductivity of the atrioventricular (AV) node and which may be used in atrial fibrillation.
Digoxin has a long half-life and is given once daily. It is cleared by the renal system and hence renal impairment requires the reduction of digoxin dose.
Arrhythmias, such as atrial tachycardia, may be a sign of digoxin toxicity.
Digoxin toxicity is enhanced if there are 67 electrolyte disturbances, especially hypokalaemia, hypomagnesaemia and hypercalcaemia.
63842
PhysiologyThe intestinal phase of gastric acid secretion is primarily responsible for the inhibition of acid secretion, helping to regulate the digestive process after food enters the intestine.