59166

Darier’s disease is associated with a deficiency of Vitamin A involving mucosa and epithelium.

51355

The contraction of the detrusor muscle during micturition is mediated by the activation of muscarinic receptors (specifically M3 receptors) on the smooth muscle cells of the detrusor. This leads to increased muscle tone and the expulsion of urine from the bladder.

92344

Bisphosphonates are a class of drugs that prevent the loss of bone density, making them a primary therapeutic regimen for conditions characterized by excessive bone resorption.

Primary hyperparathyroidism involves excessive parathyroid hormone (PTH) production, which can lead to bone loss, but bisphosphonates are typically used as an adjunct or in specific cases, not as the primary indication.

Age-related (postmenopausal) osteoporosis is the most common indication for bisphosphonate therapy. The drop in estrogen levels after menopause accelerates bone turnover and bone loss, and bisphosphonates effectively slow this process.

Rickets is a childhood condition caused by a lack of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate, leading to softened and weakened bones. Treatment focuses on addressing the nutritional deficiency, not using bisphosphonates.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can lead to various bone and mineral disorders, but bisphosphonate use requires careful consideration due to potential accumulation and side effects in patients with reduced kidney function.

79422

The presence of bony fusion on a CT scan is indicative of ankylosis and can assist in planning surgical intervention.

50814

Occurence of carbon contamination from investment can easily be observed in case casting temp. are high as seen in melting of high noble alloys for metal ceramic (eg. AgPd or Pd-Ag alloys) or base metal alloys.

70140

Ductility of Base metalalloy increased by Nickel

Cobalt: (35-65%) decrease hardness, strength and rigidity.
Chromium: (23 – 30 %) passivity effect, decrease melting point.
Nickel: (0-20%) decrease strength and hardness, increase ductility (Nickel cause sensitivity in some patients).
Molybdenum: (0-7%) increase hardness.

84563

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a genetic collagen disorder that results in extreme bone fragility. Multiple fractures seen in utero on ultrasound are a hallmark of severe forms (Type II) of this condition.

38929

The normal adult respiratory rate is typically between 12 and 16 breaths per minute.

82691

The parasympathetic nervous system is involved in the regulation of the body's rest and digest functions. It operates to conserve energy and restore the body to a state of equilibrium. It acts on various visceral organs, such as the heart, gastrointestinal tract, and bladder, to slow down the heart rate, increase glandular secretions, and promote peristalsis for food assimilation.

31359

The maximum allowable level of mercury in the blood is specifically mentioned as 3 µg/L in the provided text.