NEET MDS Shorts
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PathologyThrombocytopenia is not a feature of intravascular hemolysis; it is more commonly associated with other conditions such as bone marrow disorders.
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Physiology
Answer: 2) Secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine
Explanation: The Adrenal Medulla is part of the sympathetic nervous system and produces the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) in response to stress or danger. These hormones are crucial for the fight-or-flight response, which prepares the body for immediate action by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and diverting blood flow to the muscles and brain.
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EndodonticsTraumatic injury to a tooth, such as a deep blow, can stimulate the formation of tertiary dentin or reparative dentin, which is a defensive response of the pulp to protect itself. This calcification process can lead to the gradual or even complete obliteration of the pulp chamber and canals, a condition known as pulp canal obliteration (PCO). The tooth remains vital but the pulp space is significantly reduced or fully closed
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PeriodonticsA tight grasp by the operator on the explorer will prevent tactile sensitivity.
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General MedicineSerum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT/AST) is increased in myocardial infarction. AST is released from damaged myocardial cells and peaks 24-48 hours after MI. While not specific to heart, it was historically used for MI diagnosis before troponins became available.
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Dental AnatomyThe first teeth to erupt in the dental arches of the human being are the, primary mandibular central incisors
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Dental Anatomy
Von Korff fibers are argyrophilic fibers, initially type III collagen, with a corkscrew pattern. They form the matrix for mantle dentin.
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Physiology
Answer: 1) Dilatation (mydriasis)
Explanation: Norepinephrine acts on alpha-adrenergic receptors in the pupillary dilator muscles, leading to pupil dilation. This is a component of the sympathetic nervous system's response to stress, which also includes pupil dilatation mediated by epinephrine.
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Oral PathologyThe gonadal dose mainly comes from leakage from the tube when using a shielded open cone.
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Orthodontics
Crowding that occurs after age 18 is typically the result of physiological maturational changes.
Explanation: Dental crowding is a common malocclusion where teeth do not have enough space to align properly in the dental arch. After the age of 18, most of the facial growth has concluded, and the teeth are fully erupted. If crowding occurs at this stage, it is most likely due to physiological maturational changes, such as the natural movement of teeth or the eruption of third molars (wisdom teeth). Impacted third molars are another potential cause of late crowding, but the question specifies that the crowding is not due to them. Orthodontic relapse is a possibility if the individual had prior orthodontic treatment, but without that context, the most likely cause for new crowding in adulthood is the natural shifting of teeth over time or the late eruption of wisdom teeth. Periodontal disease can affect tooth positioning, but it does not directly cause crowding.