NEET MDS Shorts
34348
PhysiologyThe first heart sound relates to Opening of the A-V valves
38027
General Medicine
Turner syndrome, characterized by the partial or complete absence of one X chromosome, is associated with a high incidence of growth hormone deficiency. This leads to short stature and delayed puberty in affected females. While the other conditions listed can have various endocrine abnormalities, they are not primarily linked to growth hormone deficiency.
87390
General Medicine
Adrenaline primarily works by binding to beta-2 receptors, causing bronchodilation and increasing cardiac output, and to alpha-1 receptors, causing vasoconstriction. This helps to counteract the vasodilatory and bronchoconstrictive effects of histamine.
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Oral Medicine
Mefloquine is effective against malaria because it inhibits the DNA replication in the parasites' asexual erythrocytic stages, thus preventing their proliferation.
65757
General Medicine
While psychological stress, NSAIDs, and alcohol can contribute to the development of acute peptic ulcers, Helicobacter pylori is the most common causative agent, particularly in hospitalized patients who may experience increased stress and receive medications that can exacerbate the condition.
26058
NEETMDSAnterior crossbite in a 10-year-old child, particularly if functional, can sometimes be a self-correcting anomaly, especially if the underlying cause (e.g., premature contact) is addressed or with natural growth changes. Other conditions like buccoversion of the mandibular first molar, anterior open bite, and flaring of incisors typically require intervention to correct.
10683
PeriodonticsHerpetic gingivostomatitis is commonly seen in preschool children.
44044
NEETMDS
4) Squamous cell carcinoma
An ulcer with a rolled or everted margin is a characteristic feature of a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The raised, firm border is due to the proliferation of malignant epithelial cells. This is a key diagnostic sign that distinguishes it from other types of ulcers like those caused by tuberculosis or syphilis.
20911
Oral PathologyTarget cells (codocytes) are characteristic of thalassemia and appear as cells with a central dark area, clear ring, and outer dark rim resembling a target. Safety pin cells are also seen in thalassemia due to the abnormal hemoglobin distribution. Note that Cooleys anemia (option 4) is actually the same as thalassemia major, so both options 1 and 4 are technically correct, but thalassemia is the more general and preferred answer.
61699
Oral PathologyTobacco use, particularly smoking, is known to cause various oral lesions, including hyperkeratosis, which is a thickening of the outer layer of the skin or mucous membranes. This can manifest as leukoplakia or other forms of keratosis in the oral cavity. While tobacco can also lead to erythema and ulceration, hyperkeratosis is the most directly associated condition.