70984

Nuclear cytoplasmic asynchrony refers to a condition where the nucleus and cytoplasm of a cell do not develop at the same rate. This can occur in various forms of anemia and other pathological conditions. Here's a detailed explanation of the concept and its relevance to the options provided:

1. Megaloblastic Anemia: Megaloblastic anemia is a type of anemia characterized by the presence of large, immature, nucleated red blood cells (megaloblasts) in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. This condition is primarily caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12 or folic acid, which are essential for DNA synthesis during cell division. The nucleus of the cells divides more slowly than the cytoplasm, leading to an asynchronous development and the formation of large, abnormal cells. In megaloblastic anemia, the nucleus is often large and hyperchromatic (darkly stained), while the cytoplasm is relatively less developed and pale. Therefore, this option is the most appropriate answer.

2. Fe Deficiency Anemia: Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia worldwide, resulting from a lack of iron in the body. Iron is a critical component of hemoglobin, which is responsible for carrying oxygen in red blood cells. In this condition, the body produces smaller than normal red blood cells (microcytic) that lack hemoglobin, leading to decreased oxygen transport. The nucleus and cytoplasm of the erythrocytes are typically smaller than normal, and there is no significant asynchrony in their development. Hence, this option is not a characteristic feature of nuclear cytoplasmic asynchrony.

3. Erythroblastosis Fetalis: This is a condition that occurs when an Rh-negative mother has an Rh-positive fetus. The mother's immune system produces antibodies against the fetal red blood cells, leading to their destruction. This causes anemia in the newborn. However, erythroblastosis fetalis is not typically associated with nuclear cytoplasmic asynchrony. The anemia is a result of hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells) rather than an intrinsic defect in the development of the cells themselves. Thus, this option is not the correct answer for this characteristic feature.

87864

Elevation of aldosterone, in blood results in High 'Na' and high 'K' in urine resulting in acidic urine and body alkalosis

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"Sullage" refers specifically to the waste water generated from sinks, baths, and kitchens that does not contain human waste. "Sewage" includes waste that may contain pathogens and is typically discharged from toilets. Thus, kitchen waste water is more accurately described as sullage.

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House classification is based on the mental attitude of the patient.

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56706

The pyloric sphincter, also known as the pylorus, is a ring of smooth muscle that connects the stomach to the duodenum. It relaxes to allow small, controlled amounts of chyme to pass from the stomach into the duodenum. This regulation is important to prevent the rapid emptying of the stomach and the potential overwhelming of the small intestine with food and acid.

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Clenching and bruxism can be controlled by occlusal guards, occlusal equilibration, and psychological counseling.

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The rate of gastric emptying is influenced by the presence of food in the stomach, the type of food (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats), the distension of the duodenum, and the hormone gastrin, which can increase the rate of emptying.

77659

In concentrations usually applied for sterilization purposes, ethylene oxide is preferable to formaldehyde becuase it is more penetrating

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Fluoroquinolones that are excreted mainly by non renal mechanisms: