51448

Xylocaine strength used in dentistry is 2%.

22317

SOLUTION

54274

Nerve membrane stabilization action of local anaesthetic agents is due to preventing conductance of Na ions from the exterior of the nerve to the interior.

59717

Adenopathy refers to the enlargement of glands, particularly lymph nodes, which is clinically apparent as swelling or abnormal size.

20911

Target cells (codocytes) are characteristic of thalassemia and appear as cells with a central dark area, clear ring, and outer dark rim resembling a target. Safety pin cells are also seen in thalassemia due to the abnormal hemoglobin distribution. Note that Cooleys anemia (option 4) is actually the same as thalassemia major, so both options 1 and 4 are technically correct, but thalassemia is the more general and preferred answer.

25534

HLA class I antigens are present on all nucleated cells, playing a crucial role in the immune response.

18827

A measure that has validity is necessarily reliable, as reliability is a prerequisite for validity. However, a measure that is reliable does not necessarily mean it is valid. Validity refers to the degree to which a measurement tool accurately measures what it is intended to measure. Reliability is the consistency of the results produced by the tool.

81264

After periodontal surgery, root sensitivity is primarily due to the exposure of dentin tubules (option 1). When the root surface is exposed, the dentin becomes sensitive to stimuli because the tubules can transmit sensations to the pulp.
Exposed cementum (option 2) is less likely to cause sensitivity because cementum is not as innervated as dentin. Formation of plaque (option 3) can lead to sensitivity as it may irritate the surrounding tissues and contribute to inflammation.

35892

Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport, meaning it does not require energy (ATP). It involves the movement of substances down their concentration gradient with the help of specific carrier proteins or channel proteins embedded in the cell membrane.
Creatine phosphate is involved in providing energy for muscle contraction, not facilitated diffusion.

56869