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Brittleness is the property of a material that describes its tendency to fracture with little or no plastic deformation when subjected to stress. Toughness is the ability to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing, while hardness is the resistance to indentation or scratching.

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Aplastic anemia is commonly associated with chloramphenicol.

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Cervical third root fractures have the least favorable prognosis. This is because: 1) The fracture line is at or near the gingival margin, making restoration difficult, 2) Contamination from oral fluids is inevitable, preventing proper healing, 3) Crown-root ratio becomes unfavorable even if healing occurs, 4) Periodontal involvement is common, 5) Often requires extraction due to poor long-term prognosis. Apical third fractures have the best prognosis as they often heal with fibrous union and remain functional, while middle third fractures have intermediate prognosis.

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Talon cusp (TC) and dens in dente (DiD) are both developmental anomalies of the teeth, but they differ in their formation and appearance. A talon cusp arises from the palatal or lingual aspect of an incisor tooth, typically in the maxillary central or lateral incisors. It is composed of enamel and dentin, and its shape can vary from a mild bulge to a fully formed cusp that extends to the incisal edge of the tooth. It can be mistaken for a supernumerary tooth on radiographs due to its pointed projection and density.

In contrast, dens in dente is a condition where a tooth has an invagination in its crown that contains a smaller tooth-like structure, known as the "dental lamina," which is enclosed within it. This invagination is usually filled with pulp tissue and dentin, and the internal structure resembles a tooth within a tooth. The smaller structure within the affected tooth can mimic a supernumerary tooth on radiographs, but it is not a separate tooth.

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Light-cured resins generally have less shrinkage and are more aesthetically pleasing due to their ability to be polymerized to a higher degree. They also offer improved bond strength compared to chemically cured resins.

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In X-linked dominant inheritance, an affected father passes the X-linked trait to all of his daughters but none of his sons. [Image of X-linked dominant inheritance pattern]

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Premature exfoliation of deciduous teeth is seen in hypophosphatasia.

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The acrosome is a cap-like structure located on the head of a spermatozoon. It contains lysosome-like organelles rich in enzymes that are essential for penetrating the egg's outer layers during fertilization.

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The effect of saliva on denture prognosis affects denture retention.