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NEET MDS Shorts

51797
Physiology

The primary action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the kidneys is to increase the permeability of water in the collecting tubules and ducts, promoting water reabsorption.

50031
Medicine

Amenorrhea (absence of menstruation) and galactorrhea (breast milk production unrelated to childbirth or nursing) occurring simultaneously are classic symptoms of hyperprolactinemia, which is most commonly caused by a pituitary tumor (specifically a prolactinoma).

Pregnancy causes amenorrhea but not typically galactorrhea 5-6 years postpartum.

Sheehan's syndrome is pituitary hypofunction due to postpartum hemorrhage, resulting in absent or diminished milk production (agalactorrhea) and amenorrhea.

Hypothyroidism can sometimes cause galactorrhea and menstrual irregularities, but a pituitary tumor is a more likely diagnosis when both symptoms are prominent and persistent over 12 months.

20757
Dental Anatomy

A permanent tooth erupting in the mouth of an 11 years old child is most likely mandibular second bicuspid

40569
Oral Medicine

The most sensitive diagnostic test for hyperparathyroidism is the measurement of serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels. Elevated iPTH levels in the context of hypercalcemia are indicative of primary hyperparathyroidism. However, serum calcium levels are also typically high in this condition and are commonly measured in the initial workup.

38240
NEETMDS

 Explanation

Electric pulp testing (EPT) can sometimes give false positive readings (indicating vitality when the pulp is actually non-vital). The following factors can cause this:

  • Taking analgesics a day before testing → May alter nerve response, leading to false readings.

  • Anxious patient → Psychological factors can cause the patient to report sensation even without true pulp response.

  • Improper isolation of tooth (saliva contact) → Current may spread to adjacent teeth or tissues, giving a false positive.

Liquefactive necrosis of pulp → In this case, the pulp is non-vital, and there is no nerve response. This condition would more likely cause a false negative (no response despite pathology), not a false positive.

36803
Radiology

Mottling is seen due to scattered radiation.

68731
Dental Materials

The typical force applied with a condenser during restorative procedures is 3.75 pounds for a 0.5 mm diameter nib, 8.43 pounds for a 0.75 mm diameter, and 15 pounds for a 1 mm diameter nib. The force is applied parallel to the long axis of the instrument shaft.

70074
Endodontics

After endodontic treatment, teeth lose moisture and become more brittle. An MOD onlay provides better protection by covering cusps and distributing occlusal forces, unlike an inlay which does not protect cusps from fracture.

61911
Pharmacology

Miconazole is an imidazole anti-fungal drug, Nystatin is a polyene anti-fungal drug and itraconazole is a triazole anti-fungal.
Aciclovir is an anti-viral drug and chlorhexidine is an antiseptic.cloxacillin is penicillin derivative.

50678
Prosthodontics

A dental instrument which creates aerosols containing a large number of microorganisms is the ultrasonic scaler.

Quick Key Notes

Anatomy

Physiology

Biochemistry

Dental Materials

Dental Anatomy

Pathology

Microbiology

Pharmacology

Oral Pathology

Community Dentistry

Medicine

Surgery

Oral Medicine

Prosthodontics

Orthodontics

Periodontology

Oral Surgery

Conservative Dentistry

Endodontics

Pedodontics

Radiology

Anaesthesia