NEET MDS Shorts
35404
Dental Materials
A voltage regulator helps maintain consistent speed and proper mixing of amalgam regardless of fluctuations in line voltage.
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ProsthodonticsWidened periodontal ligament space is NOT a positive bone factor. It indicates pathology such as orthodontic movement, trauma, or periodontal disease. Positive bone factors include heavy cortical bone layer (provides strength), dense lamina dura (indicates healthy bone), and normal bone height (adequate support). Widened PDL space suggests compromised support.
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EndodonticsThe purpose of root canal sealer is to fill the space between solid core material and the pulp canal walls. Root canal sealers serve to: 1) Fill irregularities and accessory canals not occupied by gutta-percha, 2) Create intimate adaptation between core material and canal walls, 3) Provide antimicrobial action in residual bacteria, 4) Seal dentinal tubules to prevent bacterial penetration, 5) Act as lubricant during gutta-percha placement. While sealers may have some biological properties, their primary function is mechanical - filling voids and creating hermetic seal around the core material.
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EndodonticsIn the walking bleach procedure, sodium perborate is the primary technique used. The walking bleach method involves: 1) Mixing sodium perborate with water or 3% hydrogen peroxide to form a paste, 2) Placing this mixture in the pulp chamber of endodontically treated teeth, 3) Sealing the access cavity with temporary restoration, 4) Patient returns after 3-7 days for evaluation and possible reapplication. Sodium perborate releases oxygen slowly, providing sustained bleaching action. HCl is used in microabrasion, not walking bleach.
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General MicrobiologyAmoebic dysentery, caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica, is characterized by the presence of ghost cells in the stool. Ghost cells are the remnants of red blood cells that have been phagocytosed by the amoeba. These cells are ingested and their cytoplasm is removed, leaving only the cell membrane, which gives them a "ghost-like" appearance under the microscope. This feature helps distinguish amoebic dysentery from bacillary dysentery, which is caused by bacteria such as Shigella species. Bacillary dysentery typically shows the presence of white blood cells (pus cells) and red blood cells in the stool, but not ghost cells.
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Oral medicineMalherbe's epithelioma, also known as calcifying epithelioma, is typically a benign tumor that is more common in children and young adults rather than adults. It is characterized by solitary, hard tumors that are often found on the neck, face, and arms. The other options accurately describe the characteristics of Malherbe's epithelioma.
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General PathologyVenous thrombosis is not part of Virchow’s triad; the triad includes injury to the vein, hypercoagulability, and venous stasis.
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Oral PathologyPyostomatitis vegetans is a rare inflammatory condition of the oral mucosa that is strongly associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly ulcerative colitis. It is characterized by the presence of numerous small, yellow-white pustules on an erythematous base, which coalesce to form vegetative or papillary projections with a "snail track" appearance.
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General Medicine
The ATP7B protein is essential for copper excretion from hepatocytes into bile, and its deficiency leads to copper accumulation in the liver and other tissues in Wilson's disease.
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Oral PathologyThe tentative diagnosis for a 3-year-old with painless bilateral facial swellings is cherubism.