NEET MDS Shorts
76872
Oral Surgery
Severe acidosis, particularly metabolic acidosis, can occur following
prolonged cardiac arrest and subsequent CPR. The primary goal in managing such
cases is to restore normal pH levels in the body, which is crucial for proper
cellular function and overall physiological homeostasis. 1. Sodium bicarbonate Sodium bicarbonate is a strong base that reacts with
hydrogen ions (H+), which are responsible for acidity in the blood, to form
carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). This reaction helps to neutralize the
excess hydrogen ions, thereby raising the pH of the blood. It is administered
intravenously because it allows for rapid distribution throughout the body and
direct access to the circulatory system where it can counteract acidosis most
effectively. The intravenous route ensures that the medication reaches the
bloodstream quickly and in a controlled manner, making it the preferred method
for acute and severe cases.
2. Adrenaline (epinephrine)*: Although adrenaline is a crucial medication used
in CPR for its vasopressor and cardiac stimulant effects, it is not the primary
treatment for severe acidosis. Adrenaline is typically administered to improve
cardiac output and blood pressure during CPR.
26211
EndodonticsWhen moderate extrusion of obturating material and sealer beyond the apex occurs, it is undesirable for several reasons. While it does not necessarily mean the prognosis is poor, there is a higher likelihood of postoperative discomfort due to the potential for chemical irritation of the periapical tissues. Additionally, if the sealer is not resorbed, it may cause a foreign body reaction, and gutta-percha extrusion can sometimes lead to severe periradicular reactions. The best approach in such a case is to obturate the remaining canal up to the point of obstruction and observe the patient's symptoms and healing response.
14058
EndodonticsThe first line of treatment for an acute apical abscess with swelling is to establish drainage. This relieves pressure, reduces pain, and removes the source of infection.
46226
Physiology
The increased pulse rate and blood pressure during REM sleep are associated with the heightened brain activity and autonomic system arousal that occurs during this phase of sleep, despite the presence of muscular atonia.
58478
NEETMDS
The thin, delicate membrane covering the crown of a newly erupted tooth is known as Nasmyth/s membrane.
64811
RadiologyFor maintaining parallelism between the object and film, the film is placed at a distance to avoid distortion by increasing the target to object distance.
19997
General PathologyOsteoclasts show abnormal function in conditions leading to multiple fractures, as they are responsible for bone resorption.
79104
Dental Materials
Acid etching selectively dissolves the hydroxyapatite crystals in dentin, creating microscopic tags and channels for resin infiltration, which enhances the bond between the restorative material and the tooth structure.
23786
NEETMDS
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is strongly associated with several extrahepatic manifestations, including oral lichen planus, which can appear as white lesions, redness, or ulcers in the mouth.
74914
NEETMDSHypochlorite is generally not used as a disinfectant for skin preparation due to its high irritation potential to living tissue. Alcohol and hexidine (chlorhexidine) are commonly used for this purpose. Cyclopropane is an anesthetic gas and not a disinfectant.