NEET MDS Shorts
43749
INI CET
The Ivy eyelet wiring technique involves creating loops around adjacent teeth to provide stabilization during orthodontic treatments. It's commonly used for intermaxillary fixation.
98329
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Although overcrowding can contribute to impaction, it is not a
direct cause. The most common causes of impaction are insufficient space in the
dental arch and abnormal angulation of the tooth due to the presence of other
teeth or abnormal growth patterns. Genetic factors also play a significant role
as the size and shape of the jaw are inherited traits.
58687
NEETMDS
Midline diastema is a common condition involving a gap between the two upper
front teeth.
Various orthodontic techniques and appliances can be used to close this space,
which typically involves applying controlled force to move the teeth closer
together.
(a) Lingual bow with inter tooth traction: A lingual bow is an orthodontic
appliance that can be used with traction (force) between teeth to close a
diastema.
(b) Hawley's appliance with finger springs: A Hawley appliance is a type of
removable retainer often used in orthodontics.
It can be modified with finger springs to apply gentle pressure and move teeth,
including closing a diastema.
(c) Bonding tooth and inter tooth elastics: Bonding brackets or buttons to the
teeth and using intermaxillary elastics (rubber bands) is a standard method to
apply force and close gaps.
(d) Use of steel ligature directly on tooth: Applying a steel ligature wire
directly around a tooth to move it would likely cause uncontrolled tilting of
the tooth and potential damage to the tooth and surrounding tissues, rather than
a proper, controlled correction of the diastema.It is not a standard or safe
method for this purpose.
52014
PhysiologyPrincipal cells in the late distal tubule and cortical collecting tubules are responsible for potassium secretion, which is essential for maintaining electrolyte balance.
26947
Pharmacology
Ipratropium (as ipratropium bromide, trade name Atrovent) is an anticholinergic drug administered by inhalation for the treatment of obstructive lung diseases. It acts by blocking muscarinic receptors in the lung, inhibiting bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion. It is a non-selective muscarinic antagonist, and does not diffuse into the blood, which prevents systemic side effects.
Ipratropium is a derivative of atropine[1] but is a quaternary amine and therefore does not cross the blood-brain barrier
79851
Microbiology
Diphtheria serious bacterial infection that usually affects the mucous
membranes of the nose and throat.
Diphtheria signs and symptoms usually begin 2 to 5 days after a person becomes
infected. Signs and symptoms may include:
A thick, gray membrane covering the throat and tonsils
A sore throat and hoarseness
Swollen glands (enlarged lymph nodes) in the neck
Difficulty breathing or rapid breathing
Nasal discharge
Fever and chills
Tiredness
Skin (cutaneous) diphtheria
A second type of diphtheria can affect the skin, causing pain, redness and
swelling similar to other bacterial skin infections. Ulcers covered by a gray
membrane also may be a sign of skin diphtheria.
51052
ProsthodonticsThe finish line of a crown preparation can be placed supragingivally or subgingivally depending on the clinical situation. Subgingival finish lines may be necessary to achieve proper aesthetics, especially in cases where the margin needs to be hidden beneath the gingival tissue. However, it is important to avoid placing the finish line too far subgingivally, as this can complicate oral hygiene and lead to periodontal issues.
41095
EndodonticsA permanent tooth with apical one-third root fracture would most likely remain vital and functional. Apical third fractures have favorable prognosis because: 1) Good blood supply is maintained to the coronal fragment through the periodontal ligament, 2) The fracture is away from the oral environment, reducing contamination risk, 3) Pulp often remains vital due to minimal disruption of apical blood supply, 4) Healing usually occurs with fibrous union between fragments, 5) Function is typically maintained. Root resorption and ankylosis are less common with apical third fractures compared to cervical fractures.
99723
PathologyDiapedesis is a critical process in the body's immune response, particularly in the context of inflammation.
53559
Dental Materials
The general use of type III zinc oxide-eugenol temporary cement is for immediate post-operative treatment of sensitivity and to reduce post-operative sensitivity before placing a permanent restoration.